A total of 134 cases of H7N9 influenza infection were identified in 12 provinces of China between March 25 and September 31, 2013. Of these, 46 cases occurred in Zhejiang Province. We carried out a preliminary comparison of characteristics between rural and urban H7N9 cases from Zhejiang Province, China. Field investigations were conducted for each confirmed H7N9 case. A standardized questionna...

Influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. We analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza A viruses. Virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50...

BACKGROUND Characterizing the interface between wild and domestic animal populations is increasingly recognized as essential in the context of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that are transmitted by wildlife. More specifically, the spatial and temporal distribution of contact rates between wild and domestic hosts is a key parameter for modeling EIDs transmission dynamics. We integrated sate...

Background and aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious diseases among many species of birds and causes devastating effects on the poultry industry. This disease is endemic in Iran and ND outbreaks occur unexpectedly and with high mortality and severe clinical signs. The sequence of the F protein cleavage site is that the major virulence determinant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV...

This study was carried out to know the current scenarios of rearing backyard poultry in Jhenidah district Bangladesh. A total 2832 birds (deshi chicken, sonali, duck and pigeon) were selected from 170 households. The data collected according prepared questionnaire. revealed that, most farmers reared their semi scavenging system (97.64%). houses commonly made tin bamboo (88.82%) some kept which ...

It is commonly established that warm blooded animals are extremely vulnerable to the infectious coccidian parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii can be transmitted poultry and livestock through ingestion of oocyst (fecal-oral), placenta (congenital toxoplasmosis) in livestock. Cattle, sheep, rabbits some most consumed Palestine. As for poultry, backyard chicken, caged turkeys birds. The aim pre...

In addition to causing 12 human deaths and 17 cases of human infection, the 2004 outbreak of H5N1 influenza virus in Thailand resulted in the death or slaughter of 60 million domestic fowl and the disruption of poultry production and trade. After domestic ducks were recognized as silent carriers of H5N1 influenza virus, government teams went into every village to cull flocks in which virus was ...