OBJECTIVE To assess the occurrence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) (as well as of anti-DNA antibodies) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept or combination therapy. METHODS Eight patients treated with etanercept 25 mg twice weekly were studied for a period of 85 weeks. A control group of 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing combination treatment (methot...

In this study, the effects of Pistacia terebinthus (PT) fruit extract supplemented diet on growth performance, haematology, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, non-specific immune responses were evaluated in juvenile rainbow trout (Onchoryhnchus mykiss). The fish fed diets containing three doses (0.1, 0.5 1% diet) a control without for 63 days. Final weight, weight gain specific rate s...

Fish disease treatments have progressed significantly over the last few years and have moved from the massive use of antibiotics to the development of vaccines mainly based on inactivated bacteria. Today, the incorporation of immunostimulants and antigens into nanomaterials provide us with new tools to enhance the performance of immunostimulation. Nanoparticles are dispersions or solid particle...

Astragalus L., is one of the largest genuses of flowering plants in the Leguminosae family. Roots of A. membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and its processed products are listed in the China Pharmacopeia for "qi deficiency" syndrome treatment. However, more and more researches on other species of Astragalus have been conducted recently. We summarize th...

Asparagus racemosus is an herbaceous perennial plant. It is the most important rasayana herb in Ayurvedic medicine which grows in low forest areas throughout India. Their medicinal usages have been reported in indigenous systems of medicine, Indian and British Pharmacopoeias. In Ayurveda, A. racemosus has been used extensively as an adaptogen to increase the non-specific resistance of organisms...

Aqueous extract of roots of Baliospermum montanum was evaluated on preliminary basis for immunomodulatory activity by studying neutrophil phagocytic function. The different concentration of (25, 50, 100 mug/ml) of aqueous extract of roots of Baliospermum montanum was subjected to study its effect on different in vitro methods of phagocytosis such as neutrophil locomotion, chemotaxis, immunostim...

Introduction Andrographis paniculata is a herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It is widely cultivated in southern Asia, where it is used to treat infections and some diseases, often being used before antibiotics were created. Mostly the leaves and roots were used for medicinal purposes. Andrographis paniculata is used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic sy...