In this study the prime objective is to initiate autoregressive distributed lag transformation for exchange rate and trade balance avoid possible existence of multicollinearity among explanatory variables analyze variation in real its impact on Pakistan. The Koyck model was used studying immediate long run relationship between by using time series annual data ranging from 1981 2021. result show...

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect inflation, foreign exchange rates, interest rates and trade balance on economic growth through an increase in payments. research method used a quantitative descriptive using path analysis AMOS 18. Variables affect payments, where these three macroeconomic variables are capable boosting growth, while moderator variable for payments link driver...

The authors describe a large-scale, longitudinal citation analysis of intellectual trading between information studies and cognate disciplines. The results of their investigation reveal the extent to which information studies draws on and, in turn, contributes to the ideational substrates of other academic domains. Their data show that the field has become a more successful exporter of ideas as...

This paper explores the reasons why regional economics does not focus on the regional balance of payments. The main focus will be to gauge the importance of external imbalances in regional economies, with that concept being confined to the trade (goods and services) account. Discussion centers on why regions can run wider trade deficits than nations and it is argued that they may even benefit r...

The economic implications of international patent harmonization have attracted little empirical scrutiny. Based on patent application and renewal data in major European countries since the early 1980s, this paper examines the empirical relationship between international patenting, R&D, and “trade flows” of patent rights across national borders. The analysis reveals a substantial patent “trade i...

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