Tobacco is one of the most common hazardous drugs and is widely available in almost all countries. The harmful effects of tobacco are only too common and are well known to all public health workers: tobacco smoking is responsible for lung cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, smoker’s cough, ischaemic heart disease, vascular problems, low-birthweight babies, and many other problems. What are pe...

Banning a¢rmative action from college admissions decisions cannot prevent an admissions o¢ce that cares about diversity from achieving it through channels other than the explicit consideration of race. We construct a model of college admissions where candidates from two groups with di¤erent average quali...cations compete for a ...xed number of seats. When an admissions o¢ce that cares both abo...

In an attempt to fight the obesity epidemic, an unprecedented policy banning the sale of sugary beverages in containers over 16 ounces in selected public venues was proposed the city of New York. This policy is not without opposition from different sectors including the sugary beverage industry and civil organizations that portray it as a violation of consumers’ rights to choose. We explore the...

Suffolk County, NY, on March 29 passed a law banning the use of plastic grocery bags and other plastic food containers starting in July, 1989. The law forbids the use of polystyrene foam (PS foam) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for food packaging in restaurants, bars, delis, roadside stands, grocery stores, and other retail food establishments. PS foam is used in coffee cups, egg cartons and meat...

This paper presents Java language from an object-oriented software construction perspective. It explains the implications of banning generics and multiple inheritance of classes, and explores the patterns and the idioms used by the Java designers and programmers to redeem their benefits. The paper also discusses an alternative to multiple inheritance, as incorporated in Lava, which extends Java...

We distinguish standard settlements, in which the status quo is preserved, and injunctive settlements, which prohibit the defendant’s activity. The reverse (payment) settlement is a special type of injunctive settlement. We examine the divergence between private and social incentives to settle and policies that would minimize socially undesirable injunctive and reverse settlements (e.g., bannin...