the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term reduced tillage on yield and weeds of spring barley. treatments consisted of three tillage systems including: (a) conventional tillage (ct), (b) reduced tillage (rt), and (c) herbicide tillage (ht) as the main plot, and two cultivars of spring barley (tocada and rastik) as subplots. the results showed that the yield of both cultivars...

introduction barely (hordeum vulgare) is the fourth most important cereal after wheat, corn and rice. regarding the role of breeding to increase barley grain yield a large number of studies have been done in different countries. however, a few studies have been performed across golestan province, in iran. therefore, this study was conducted to know what barley traits have changed with grain yie...

Barley is one of the most important cereals for animal and human consumption. heading grain filling are especially vulnerable to heat drought stress, which projected increase in future. Therefore, site-specific adaptation options, like cultivar choice or shifting sowing dates, will be necessary. Using a global climate model ensemble phenology we spring barley maturity dates 2031–50 climatically...

During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and ...

Protein changes induced by salinity stress were investigated in two barley cultivars, California Mariout, a salt-tolerant variety and Prato, a salt-sensitive variety. Rapidly growing young barley seedlings were exposed to NaCl and the newly synthesized proteins were resolved on two dimensional polyacrylamide gels following isoelectric focusing or nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis i...

Endophytes are microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues. They are ubiquitously associated with plants and play an important role in plant growth and health. In this work, we grew five modern cultivars of barley in axenic systems using sterile sand mixture as well as in greenhouse with natural soil. We characterized the potentially active microbial communities associated with seeds and r...

Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of diets containing low-phytate barley or supplemented with phytase on P balance and excretion in grower pigs. In Exp. 1, eight 32-kg barrows were assigned to a repeated, 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed 4 diets that contained 96% barley: normal-phytate hulled barley (HB), low-phytate hulled barley (LPHB), normal-phytate hull-less barley (HLB)...

An in vitro experiment was carried out to assess how nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading enzymes influence the fermentation of dietary fiber in the pig large intestine. Seven wheat and barley products and cultivars with differing carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed using pepsin and pancreatin in the presence or not of NSP-degrading enzymes (xylanase and β-glucanase) and the filter reten...

of the challenges to achieve successful transformation, prospects for transgene-mediated disease resistance, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and contamination with deoxynivacurrent research on candidate antifungal genes and prolenol (DON) produced by the primary pathogen Fusarium gramimoters, and strategies for optimal antifungal activity. nearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.)] have ...

can be easily identified and transferred into appropriate germplasm (Parlevliet, 1976). To date, 16 major raceLeaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth is an important disease specific genes (designated as Rph1 to Rph16) for leaf of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in many regions of the world. Yield losses up to 32% have been reported in susceptible cultivars. The rust resistance have been identi...