Antigen-combining site arises by noncovalent association of the variable domain of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH) with that of the light chain (VL). To analyze the invariant features of the binding region (VL-VH domain interface), we compared the known immunoglobulin three-dimensional structures by a variety of methods. The interface forms a close-packed, twisted, prism-shaped "beta-barrel...

proton from the 3-position of the substrate. On the basis of this analysis, the likely mechanism for MAL involves abstraction of the 3-proton of the substrate by Lys331, stabilization of the enolic intermediate by the metal ion and possibly His194, and collapse of the intermediate with elimination of ammonia to give mesaconic acid (Fig. 7). When the primary structures of MAL and enzymes of the ...

INTRODUCTION The treatment of Indian tropical disease such as kala-azar is likely to be troublesome to the clinicians as AmpB- and miltefosine-resistant Leishmania donovani has been reported. The rationale behind designed a novel inhibitors of model of L. donovani enolase and performing a binding study with its inhibitors to gain details of the interaction between protein residues and ligand mo...

The ferric siderophore transporters of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane manifest a unique architecture: Their N termini fold into a globular domain that lodges within, and physically obstructs, a transmembrane porin beta-barrel formed by their C termini. We exchanged and deleted the N termini of two such siderophore receptors, FepA and FhuA, which recognize and transport ferric entero...

The outer membrane (OM) of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli contains lipoproteins and integral β-barrel proteins (outer-membrane proteins, OMPs) assembled into an asymmetrical lipid bilayer. Insertion of β-barrel proteins into the OM is mediated by a protein complex that contains the OMP BamA and four associated lipoproteins (BamBCDE). The mechanism by which the Bam complex catal...

Performance studies of the CMS barrel muon system carried out at INFN Bologna are described in detail. The expected muon momentum resolution and trigger efficiency are calculated for different configurations of the measuring superlayers. The emphasis here is not on the absolute response, but rather on the comparison of the various configurations. ) On leave from INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria

Family 18 chitinases have the signature peptide DGXDXDXE forming the fourth beta-strand in the (beta/alpha)8-barrel of their catalytic domain. The carboxyl-end glutamic acid, E315 in Serratia marcescens chitinase A, serves as the acid/base during chitin hydrolysis, and the side-chain of the preceding aspartic acid, D313, helps to position correctly the N-acetyl moiety of the glycosyl sugar unde...

AbrB is a key transition-state regulator of Bacillus subtilis. Based on the conservation of a betaalphabeta structural unit, we proposed a beta barrel fold for its DNA binding domain, similar to, but topologically distinct from, double-psi beta barrels. However, the NMR structure revealed a novel fold, the "looped-hinge helix." To understand this discrepancy, we undertook a bioinformatics study...

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) consist of chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and core protein and regulate the migration, axonal outgrowth, and synaptogenesis in mammalian brains. In the present study, we investigated the localization of CSPGs, the effects of sensory deprivation on the density of perineuronal nets (PNNs), and the effects of chondroitinase ABC (Chase) ...

The study concerns the transverse deformation behavior of a penetrator surrounded by sabot in deformed gun barrel. In barrel, occurs due to problems such as deflection gravity, or geometric tolerance caused manufacturing process. This causes structural instability and affects out-of-gun barrel movement. addition, safety is affected supporting penetrator. finite element method was used evaluate ...