More than 300 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Considering the very short generation time for a virus, and the high error rate associated with the reverse transcription step of HBV replication, decades of HBV infection are probably equivalent to million years of human evolution. The most important selective force during the natural course of HBV in...

A double mutation which converts nucleotide 1765 from A to T and nucleotide 1767 from G to A is frequently found in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome isolated from HBV patients with chronic hepatitis symptoms. This double mutation is located in the core promoter that controls the transcription of the precore RNA and the core RNA. In addition, this double mutation also resides in the X protein ...

We have previously used a homologous in vitro transcription system to define functional elements of the maize mitochondrial atpA promoter. These elements comprise a central domain extending from -7 to +5, relative to the transcription start site, and an upstream domain of 1-3 bp that is purine rich and centered around positions -11 to -12. Within the central domain lies an essential 5 bp core e...

background: in prostate cancer, mutated p53 alleles typically contain missense single-base substitution in codon 72 that resides within exons 5-8. stable p53 proteins in tumor cell nuclei have been associated with malignancy. a role of p53 is the regulation of drug transporters like abcc1 (mrp1) by an effect on promoter region.objectives: the objective of this study was to identify association ...

Basal core promoter (BCP) A1762T/G1764A dual mutations in hepatocarcinogenesis remain controversial. Published studies up to June 1, 2015 investigating the frequency of A1762T/G1764A dual mutations from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), were systematically identified. A total of 10,240 patients with chronic HBV infection, including 3729 HCC cas...

Background: Genomic studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) diversity are becoming increasingly significant to understand how HBV mutations interact with a wide spectrum clinical and pathological disorders. Objective: This study focused on identifying genotypes determining the status pre-core (PC) core promoter (CP) mutants. Methods: Nested polymerase chain reaction was used identify viral 100 patie...

We read the article published by Atalay et al1 on “Genotypes of hepatitis B virus in Central Anatolia, Kayseri, Turkey” with interest. They found the predominant genotype D in 110 chronic HBV patients by direct sequencing. They concluded that, firstly, the only genotype found in Turkey is type D; and secondly, the HBeAg negativity of those patients were related to the presence of pre core mutan...