Vascular structures for heat conservation in the tongue of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) are reported here. Numerous individual countercurrent heat exchangers are found throughout the massive tongue. These converge at the base of the tongue to form a bilateral pair of retia. Temperature measurements from the oral cavity of a live gray whale indicate that more heat may be lost through t...

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck can present as a cervical metastasis from an unknown primary site. The standard diagnostic workup includes panendoscopy and directed biopsies but this will fail to identify a portion of unknown primary tumors. METHODS Herein, we present a case report of a male patient with an unknown primary tumor in which the da Vinci surgical robot was...

BACKGROUND Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas are rare neoplasms usually arising from the salivary glands. There is limited evidence in the literature on their prognosis in the base of the tongue but other cases have resolved without recurrence. METHODS The patient underwent biopsies demonstrating the diagnosis of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the base of tongue and a PET scan showed...

We report here a case of a random synchronous male breast malignancy in a patient with a known base of tongue malignancy that was incidentally detected on a whole body 18-fluorine deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT). Patient was referred to us for PET/CT staging and radiotherapy planning for a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of base...

The basaloid carcinoma is a rare and distinct type of squamous carcinoma. Of all the squamous carcinomas, the basaloid tumor is noted for its high aggressivity and fast replication rate. It is usually discovered within the upper levels of the larynx (supraglottis), the tongue base or the piriform sinuses in male patients ranging from sixty to eighty years old. The aggressivity of the tumor also...