Objective: Clinical studies evaluating effectiveness and safety of cryosurgery (CS) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) have reported conflicting results. We aim to obtain systematic and comprehensive evidence regarding the potential benefits and safety of CS compared with those of radiotherapy (RT) and radical prostatectomy (RP), respectively. Methods: All controlled trials comparin...

This article addresses the legal reconfigurations of refuge and its consequences for people displaced by war state violence. Within Western countries signatory to 1951 Convention Relating Status Refugees, refugee protection has traditionally served as a solution conflict-induced displacement offering path permanent residence citizenship. Yet, in wake recent global “refugee crises,” several have...

‎Many optimization problems can be reduced to a problem with an increasing and co-radiant objective function by a suitable transformation of variables. Functions, which are increasing and co-radiant, have found many applications in microeconomic analysis. In this paper, the abstract convexity of positive valued affine increasing and co-radiant (ICR) functions are discussed. Moreover, the ...

A new approach for analyzing cracked problems in 2D orthotropic materials using the well-known element free Galerkin method and orthotropic enrichment functions is proposed. The element free Galerkin method is a meshfree method which enables discontinuous problems to be modeled efficiently. In this study, element free Galerkin is extrinsically enriched by the recently developed crack-tip orthot...