drug-in-adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems  )tddss) containing stimulants, termed as energetic substances, such as caffeine and pantothenic acid, were studied. caffeine is a white crystalline substance and a stimulant to central nervous system. in humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. pantothenic acid, al...

oral ph sensitive drug delivery systems are of utmost importance as these systems deliver the drug at specific part of the gastrointestine (gi) as per the ph of gi, resulting in improved patient therapeutic efficacy and compliance. the ph range of fluids in various segments of the gi tract may provide environmental stimuli for drug release. the aim of this study was to design buoyant beads cont...

background and objectives: social security organization (sso) is the second largest organization to the ministry of health and medical education (mohme) in providing health care services in iran. in recent years the gap between the sso’s resources and expenditures has shown an unprecedented growing trend due to the rapidly increasing demand. continuation of this trend may lead to financial imba...

introduction hadron-therapy is an effective technique used to treat tumors that are located between or nearby vital organs. the italian national center of oncological hadron-therapy (cnao) has been realized as the first facility in italy to treat very difficult tumors with protons and carbon ions. the on-line monitor system for cnao has been developed by the department of physics of the univers...

background central dialysate fluid delivery systems (cdds) are used by dialysis centers in japan, and although these systems are effective at delivering dialysate, they have a complex piping network with numerous sites where contamination can develop. in japan, cleaning disinfectants have been clinically evaluated based on endotoxin levels and bacterial counts, but there have been no published ...

aim and background: hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) -an aggressive malignancy with high rate of mortality- is the third cause of cancer related death, worldwide. cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug used for treatment of hcc. however, serious side effects of drug limit the therapeutic administer dose.  nanotechnology based devices such as liposome nanoparticles are capable to overcome these drawback...