This study reveals on fatwas concerning cigarettes in the Archipelago 19th century. The primary source is an Arabic manuscript from Kuningan, West Java, digitized by DREAMSEA, entitled “Bāb fī Bayān Ḥukm Shurb al-Dukhān”. It does not only use arguments sharia, interpretation of ulama, and health reasons but also refers to myths conspiracies. finds that this mentions existence ḥaram (prohibited)...

Most of Malaysians choose frozen food in their lives because its quick preparation and availability. The indicative elements are usually displayed on the packaging to know components, method preparation, production expiry date. This study aims discover semantic present food, depicted role this packaging, effects consumers. followed descriptive analytical approach, which is description halal ana...