Rad23 is an adaptor protein that binds to both ubiquitinated substrates and to the proteasome. Despite its association with the proteasome, Rad23 escapes degradation. Here we show that Rad23 remains stable because it lacks an effective initiation region at which the proteasome can engage the protein and unfold it. Rad23 contains several internal, unstructured loops, but these are too short to a...

M ention the word “computer,” and most people conjure up the same image: a machine designed to turn binary code into LaTex documents and Facebook feeds. But in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the word would have evoked a very different image: a person employed to perform calculations. Even more intriguingly, this computer was likely to be a woman. One of the first places where female compute...

This article was prompted by Kelton and is a belated response to Wray (2016), who presents an argument for the so-called chartalist view that government currency valued because it can be “redeemed” in tax payments. Wray’s historical cases back up idea. responds arguments therein, position general, pointing out logical errors showing examples fail support theory. It demonstrates argument, as pre...

Making headlines, a thought-provocative paper by Neff, Ehninger and coworkers claims that rapamycin extends life span but has limited effects on aging. How is that possibly possible? And what is aging if not an increase of the probability of death with age. I discuss that the JCI paper actually shows that rapamycin slows aging and also extends lifespan regardless of its direct anti-cancer activ...