OBJECTIVE This study examines the degree to which a married individual's health habits and use of preventive medical care are influenced by his or her spouse's behaviors. STUDY DESIGN Using longitudinal data on individuals and their spouses, we examine changes over time in the health habits of each person as a function of changes in his or her spouse's health habits. Specifically, we analyze ...

In the past few decades, the field of positive behavior support has emerged from its origins in applied behavior analysis. However, the difference between an appropriate literature base and statewide implementation by a state MR/DD agency cannot be overstated. The development process and model for statewide system change in positive behavior support being implemented by the South Carolina Depar...

The rapid expansion in access to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in sub-Saharan Africa from under 10,000 in 2000 to more than 8 million in 2011 has been enormous. Anticipating the impact of this expansion and future policy options requires identification of the impacts of access on individual behaviors that determine the course of the epidemic. This paper combines geocoded information about the timi...

607 ISSN 1758-3004 10.4155/CMT.11.59 © 2011 Future Science Ltd The converging of climate disruption, energy descent and economic instability is stressing civilization, perhaps foreshadowing a downshift to a lower level of complexity [1]. It is easy to despair at the unsustainability of human behavior; however, such despair may come from taking too narrow and pessimistic a view of human nature, ...

Zebrafish are at the forefront of neurobiological research and have been gaining popularity as a viable and valid behavioral model in a variety of research applications (e.g., assessing drug induced behavioral changes). This model becomes even more attractive when considering the behavioral changes that follow exposure to compounds that are water-soluble. As such, several studies have implicate...

Unhealthy behavior is responsible for much human disease, and a common goal of contemporary preventive medicine is therefore to encourage behavior change. However, while behavior change often seems easy in the short run, it can be difficult to sustain. This article provides a selective review of research from the basic learning and behavior laboratory that provides some insight into why. The re...

The principle of operant selection is examined as a prototype of cultural selection, and the role of the social environment is suggested as the critical element in the emergence of cultural phenomena. Operant contingencies are compared to cultural selection contingencies, designated as metacontingencies. Both of these types of contingency relations result in evolving lineages of recurrences tha...