Theories of reward learning in neuroscience have focused on two families of algorithms, thought to capture deliberative vs. habitual choice. “Model-based” algorithms compute the value of candidate actions from scratch, whereas “model-free” algorithms make choice more efficient but less flexible by storing pre-computed action values. We examine an intermediate algorithmic family, the successor r...

In case of missing permanent successor very often primary teeth may remain retained for longer time beyond their exfoliation schedule. This report demonstrates the functional restorative management a mandibular second molar with successor, treated Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an obturating material. The material seemed to provide biocompatible sealing root canal. After six month follow u...

Multiple experts, each predicting a potential file successor, improve accuracy of file access predictions and reduce loss due to incorrect prefetches. Each expert consists of files that have previously succeeded the current file along with one expert that predicts no successor is the best choice. By careful updating of the expert weights, file predictions can be made very accurately both on a p...

the permanent successor is present, eruption of a submerged tooth may be delayed or redirected from its normal path into a malaligned position. If the permanent successor is absent, loss of dental arch space is likely, and a midline discrepancy may occur because the mesiodistal width of the primary submerged tooth is greater than that of the contralateral premolar. Also, overeruption of the opp...

In this work, a prey-predator model with square root response function under a state-dependent impulse is proposed. Firstly, according to the differential equation geometry theory and the method of successor function, the existence, uniqueness and attractiveness of the order-1 periodic solution are analyzed. Then the stability of the order-1 periodic solution is discussed by the Poincaré criter...

We give sufficient conditions for a first order expansion of the real line to define the standard model of the monadic second order theory of one successor. Such an expansion does not satisfy any of the combinatorial tameness properties defined by Shelah, such as NIP or even NTP2. We use this to deduce the first general results about definable sets in NTP2 expansions of (R, <,+). The goal of th...

The notion of a critical successor [dJV90] has been central to all modal completeness proofs in interpretability logics. In this paper we shall work with an alternative notion, that of an assuring successor. As we shall see, this makes life a lot easier. After a general treatment of assuringness, we shall apply it to obtain a completeness results for ILW, a result first proved by de Jongh and V...

Automata we have seen so far are deterministic, which means that for every input exactly one transition is available from the current state. Now we will present nondeterministic automata, where several transitions may be possible. In a deterministic automaton for any state and any transition only one successor is available. More formally, if Q is the set of states and Σ is the alphabet of trans...

We study a transfinite construction we call tower construction in classical type theory. The construction is inductive and applies to partially ordered types. It yields the set of all points reachable from a starting point with an increasing successor function and a family of admissible suprema. Based on the construction, we obtain type-theoretic versions of the theorems of Zermelo (well-orderi...