The term 'one-carbon metabolism' is commonly used to describe 3 separate metabolic processes: folate metabolism, the homocysteine remethylation cycle, and the transsulfuration pathway. Folate metabolism concerns the biochemical reactions in which endogenous and exogenous one-carbon units are transferred to tetrahydrofolates. The remethylation cycle is used for the synthesis of methionine from h...

In the last decade, a plethora of studies utilizing pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic approaches have shown that precise translational control is required for long-lasting synaptic plasticity and the formation of long-term memory. Moreover, more recent studies indicate that alterations in translational control are a common pathophysiological feature of human neurological disorders, incl...

The recent reviews of the literature15 17, 18, 19 on biochemical investigations in psychiatry present a confusing array of conflicting reports which leave the reader with the impression that biochemical methods have contributed little to the understanding of mental disorders. Cameron,6 in the recent revision of his book, Objective and Experimental Psychiatry, has, however, made a beginning in r...

Molecular genetic techniques are beginning to bring about a detailed understanding of the biochemical processes underlying complex cognitive phenomena such as memory, with investigations approaching atomic-level resolution. An excellent example of this is provided in this issue of Cell by Costa-Mattioli et al. (2007), whose results implicate a single protein dephosphorylation event in the contr...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS If socio-economic disadvantage is associated with more adolescent smoking, but less participation in tertiary education, and smoking and tertiary education are both associated with heavier drinking, these may represent opposing pathways to heavy drinking. This paper examines contextual variation in the magnitude and direction of these associations. DESIGN Comparing cohort ...

esults: Chasing losses was associated with increased activity in cortical areas linked to incentive-motivation and an expectation of reward. y contrast, quitting was associated with decreased activity in these areas but increased activity in areas associated with anxiety and conflict onitoring. Activity within the anterior cingulate cortex associated with the experience of chasing and then losi...

Amyloid fibers are filamentous proteinaceous structures commonly associated with mammalian neurodegenerative diseases. Nucleation is the rate-limiting step of amyloid propagation, and its nature remains poorly understood. Escherichia coli assembles functional amyloid fibers called curli on the cell surface using an evolved biogenesis machine. In vivo, amyloidogenesis of the major curli subunit ...

The studies pertaining to associations of serological and biochemical genetic markers (blood groups in particular and scrum proteins and enzymes in general) with the psychiatric disorders such as psychoses in general, Schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis including unipolar and bipolar affective disorders and neuroses have been critically examined. The reasons for inconsistent findings of v...

The various disorders caused by heritable defects in complex carbohydrate catabolism comprise two groups: (A) The mucopolysaccharidoses, six main and several subtypes are described. (B) The mucolipidoses (oligosaccharidoses), at least nine types being recognized. Whilst most of these are now well defined by clinical and biochemical studies, much of the sequence of events from the intrinsic meta...

Lactic acidemia is present in the majority of patients with mitochondrial oxidative defects as well as in disorders of gluconeogenesis. An understanding of the dynamics of lactic acid metabolism in the human body and the influences on lactate/pyruvate ratios exerted by changes in cellular redox state allows for the development of diagnostic algorithms based on clinical and biochemical phenotype...