objective: htlv-1 and htlv-2 are widespread worldwide and endemic in several areas such as northeastern iran. the present survey aimed to determine the prevalence of htlv-1 and htlv-2 among healthy individuals in neyshabour city during the years of 2010-2014. methods: a total of 8054 blood samples were collected from participants referred to the great medical diagnostic laboratory in neyshabur,...

In this report, a new cholesterol sensor is developed based on a vertically aligned CNT electrode with two-step electrochemical polymerized enzyme immobilization. Vertically aligned CNTs are selectively grown on a 1 mm(2) window of gold coated SiO(2)/Si substrate by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with gravity effect and water-assisted etching. CNTs are then simultaneously functionalize...

This biannual review covers the time period from January 2002 to January 2004 and is written in continuation of previous reviews (A1, A2). An electronic search in SciFinder and MedLine resulted in 532 hits. Since the number of citations in this review is limited, a stringent selection had to be made. Priority was given to fiberoptic sensors (FOS) for defined chemical, environmental, and biochem...

Actin filaments and microtubules play important biological functions in mammalian cells, such as mitosis, cytokinesis, cell signaling, intracellular transport, and cell motility. Therefore, small molecules that interact with these cytoskeletons are expected to be useful not only as antitumor agents, but also as tools for understanding a wide variety of the cellular functions of cytoskeletons. A...

Molecular nonlinear-optical (NLO) phenomena are currently being exploited for the design of visible emitting bioprobes with unprecedented properties that result from 1) the transparency of living tissues toward low-energy near-infrared (NIR) incident radiation and 2) the improved focusing of the light from an excitation laser beam within nanometric volumes. Nonresonant multiphoton absorption pr...

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and their bioconjugates are of great interest for bioanalysis and bioimaging. These brightly luminescent nanoparticles can be utilised as probes to light-up biological structures and report on biochemical processes, potentially providing new insight into fundamental biology or enabling better diagnostic methods. Some of the advantages of QDs in these a...

De novo deletions in spinal muscular atrophy: implications for genetic counselling Proximal spinal muscular atrophies (SMA) are characterised by degeneration of anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, leading to progressive symmetrical limb and trunk paralysis associated with muscular atrophy. SMA represents the second most common fatal auto-somal recessive disorder after cystic fibrosis (1 in ...

Theranostic probes integrate both diagnostics and therapy in one platform that offers direct visualization of biochemical processes facile treatment for various diseases. Organic fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have shown tremendous potentials meeting the requirement a multifunctional theranostic probe. Different from traditional fluorogens, AIEgens could be designed to p...