Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons including saturate fraction such as n-alkanes, branched alkanes, and cycloalkanes (naphthenes). TPH is normally come from the accidental leakage of storage tanks of lubricating and fuel oils resulting in the soil contamination. TPH is classified as the hazardous material and is considered as the most organic pollutants in th...

In early times, we believed that we had an unlimited abundance of land and resources; today, however, the resources in the world show, in greater or lesser degree, our carelessness and negligence in using them. The problems associated with contaminated sites now assume increasing prominence in many countries. Contaminated lands generally result from past industrial activities when awareness of ...

Vermifilter is a greywater waste treatment by utilizing the symbiosis of earthworms with microbes. more efficient, simple in design, and easy to maintain. The purpose this study was determine effect vermibed material on concentration BOD5, NH3-N, DO using vermifilter. used four vermifilter reactors (VF) filtration media for gravel, coconut fiber, rough sand, vermibed. Reactor VF1 uses mixture m...