BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to document the optimal spacing of two cannulae to form continuous strip lesions and maximal surface area by using water-cooled bipolar radiofrequency technology. METHODS Two water-cooled needle probes (15 cm length, 18-gauge probe with 6 mm electrode tip) were placed in a parallel position 10, 20, 24, 26, and 28 mm apart and submerged in egg white. Temper...

conclusions we can conclude that treatment of af using a right-sided minithoracotomy approach and rf energy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for various valve diseases is feasible, safe, and reproducible. objectives our aim is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and immediate plus medium-term results of concomitant af ablation therapy in patients undergoing minimally invasive valve surge...

Bipolar direct current (DC) networks are emerging electrical systems used to improve the distribution capabilities of monopolar DC networks. These grids work with positive, negative, and neutral poles, they can transport two times power when compared grids. The distinctive features bipolar include ability deal loads (loads connected between positive negative poles) unbalanced load conditions, g...

Introduction: High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) requires both high SNR and good spatial alignment of images acquired with different b-values and diffusion directions. Due to its acquisition speed, diffusion-weighted (DW) single-shot EPI (ss-EPI) is still commonly used, despite the fact that strong gradient pulses used for diffusion encoding in combination with a low pixel bandwidth...

Bipolar microtubular spindles are seen infrequently in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites while monopolar or radial microtubular assemblies are common. Additionally, heterogeneity in nuclear DNA content and multi-nucleation is found in amoeba cells growing in axenic culture. Taken together these observations indicate that genome segregation is irregular in these cells. In order to identify prot...

In the most commonly used cochlear prosthesis systems, temporal features of sound are signaled by amplitude modulation of constant-rate pulse trains. Several convincing arguments predict that speech reception should be optimized by use of pulse rates > or approximately 2,000 pulses per second (pps) and by use of intracochlear electrode configurations that produce restricted current spread (e.g....

Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a process in which the membrane of the cancer cells are irreversibly damaged with the use of high-intensity electric pulses, which in turn leads to cell death. The IRE is a non-thermal way to ablate the cancer cells. This process relies on the distribution of the electric field, which affects the pulse amplitude, width, and electrical conducti...