OBJECTIVE To analyze published evidence about adalimumab use in autoimmune diseases. METHODS Systematic review of MEDLINE database of citations included from January 1990 to December 2008 employing the terms "adalimumab" and the different systemic autoimmune diseases. RESULTS Our search identified 241 potentially relevant citations. 154 were retrieved for detailed evaluation. Finally, 18 we...

C horoidal hemangioma is a relatively rare, benign vascular hamartoma. The circumscribed type is classically unilateral and is believed to be congenital in origin.1,2 Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma typically appears as a slightly oval or round, red-orange mass in the macular or perimacular region of the choroid, often with clinically indistinct borders.1-3 Although choroidal hemangioma is b...

Lead Intoxication — Continued In December 1991, a venous blood lead level (BLL) of 50 μg/dL was detected in a 46-year-old Ohio man during a routine pre-employment examination. He was referred to a university-based pharmacology and toxicology clinic for further evaluation; clinic physicians investigated the case. Although a repeat BLL obtained 1 month later was 51 μg/dL, he reported no exposure ...

Uveitis or intraocular inflammation is a potentially blinding disorder that is initiated by a diverse group of diseases. Concepts of uveitis have evolved rapidly over the past few years, but many questions about the aetiology still remain unanswered. Uveitis is associated with several systemic diseases but the frequency of systemic diseases among uveitis patients is dependent on age of onset an...

BACKGROUND Combining characteristic morphological and functional information in one image increases pathophysiologic understanding as well as diagnostic accuracy in most clinical settings. En-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a high resolution, transversal OCT image of the macular area combined with a confocal image of the same area (OCT C-scans). Creating an overlay image of a c...

Using conventional histological (light and electron microscopic examinations), immunohistological (immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase), and molecular histological (in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in situ hybridisation) techniques, the immunopathology of uveitis has been studied using inflamed ocular tissue. The findings usually provide helpful information in the di...

Background: Prognosis of non-infectious refractory uveitis has improved markedly with biologic therapy (BT) (1-5 ). Most data are monoclonal anti-TNF drugs, especially Adalimumab (ADA) and Infliximab (IFX). However, there is not enough evidence for the use Certolizumab Pegol (CZP). Objectives: To evaluate efficacy safety CZP in secondary to Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMID). Methods:...

Background Self-management strategies of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are outside the vision healthcare professionals (HCPs). Nevertheless, patients consider this information as one most important domains regarding ADR (1). Therefore, identifying these is for both HCPs and patients. Objectives To identify which self-management applied by with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) who e...

Aims–Nasal tolerance induction with autoantigens can eVectively protect against a variety of experimental models of autoimmune disease. The aims of this study were to characterise the dosage and kinetics of inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) via intranasal administration of the uveitogenic antigen interphotoreceptor retinal binding protein (IRBP) in the murine model of IR...