Changes in redox state are involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes. Previous experiments have demonstrated that nitric oxide can function as a reactive oxygen species, inhibiting neuronal sodium currents by nitrosylation of thiol residues. We hypothesized that nitric oxide and thiol oxidizers similarly modulate voltage-dependent sodium currents. Voltage-dependent sodi...

In this study, perthiophosphonic acid anhydrides which are previously known (2,4-bis(3-methoxytolyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide ([(3-methoxytolyl)P(S)S)2], SAV-B1 reagent and 2,4-bis(ferrocenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide [(ferrocenyl)P(S)S)2], FcLR, Ferrocenyl Lawesson's Reagent) react with alcohols to obtain new dithiophosphonic acids (3-methoxytolyl=(CH3)(OCH3)...

Purified tubulin solutions stabilized and augmented the birefringence (BR) of isolated Chaetopterus spindles. Tubulin was extracted from pig brain tissue in cold PEG buffer (0.1 M piperazine-N-N'-bis[2-ethane sulfonic acid], 1 mM ethylene bis-[oxyethylenenitrilo]tetraacetate, [EGTA], 2.5 mM guanosine triphosphate, [GTP], pH 6.94, at 25 degrees C), and purified by two cycles of a reversible, tem...

Abstract Bis‐ethynylphosphonamidates allow for a simple chemoselective addition of two thiol‐containing modules in row. We describe four such bis‐electrophiles that carry different functional O‐substituents with tunable hydrophilicity and enable further subsequent conjugations, thus facilitating protocol constructing protein‐protein conjugates. An increased spacer length between the ethynylphos...

Diboron compounds with a B−B bond, discovered B2Cl4 century ago, have been developed only since the turn of this for catalyzed borylation reactions, mostly well-know reagent bis(binacolato)diboron, (B2pin2). On other hand, chemistry tetrahydroxydiboron (THDB), also named bis-boric acid, is relatively underdeveloped. In review, properties THDB as borylation, reductant (including transfer hydroge...

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has advanced medical and image-guided interventions during the past three decades. Despite tremendous advances in devices, surprisingly only a few dyes are currently available clinic. Previous fluorophores, ZW800-1A ZW800-1C, significantly improved poor performance of FDA-approved indocyanine green. However, is not stable serum ZW800-1C induces severe st...

In this study, thiol/disulfide homeostasis in the liver tissues of high-fructose-fed rats was investigated conjunction with changes main hepatic detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST). Additionally, effects well-known probiotics namely Kefir, Lactobacillus helveticus, and plantarum supplementation on thiol/disulfate contents GST activity gene expression levels were analyzed. Fru...

1. Ficin and stem-bromelain are irreversibly inhibited by 1,3-dibromoacetone, a reagent designed to react first with the active-site cysteine residue and subsequently with a second nucleophile. Evidence is presented that establishes that a histidine residue is within a 5A locus of the active-site cysteine residue in both enzymes. The histidine residue in both enzymes is alkylated at N-1 by dibr...

Michael-type addition reactions are widely used to polymerize biocompatible hydrogels. The thiol-maleimide modality achieves the highest macromer coupling efficiency of the reported Michael-type pairs, but the resulting hydrogel networks are heterogeneous because polymerization is faster than the individual components can be manually mixed. The reactivity of the thiol dictates the overall react...

Hq lactic dehydrogenases crystallized from heart and Mq lactic dehydrogenases crystallized from muscle tissues of various vertebrates have four functionally essential thiol groups per molecule of enzyme (1). This value suggests that there is one active site thiol group for each of the four subunits of these lactic dehydrogenases. Attempts to introduce a noninterchangeable thiol reagent specific...