A large percentage of combat troops suffered Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) due to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in recent wars in the Middle East. The majority of TBIs were caused by exposure to blast waves. Use of advanced body armor has decreased the number of fatalities due to impacts after the explosions, increasing the number of observed non-fatal brain injuries from the blast waves...

PURPOSE Primary blast injury (PBI) mostly affects air-filled organs, although it is sporadically reported in fluid-filled organs, including the eye. The purpose of the present paper is to explain orbit blast injury mechanisms through finite element modeling (FEM). METHODS FEM meshes of the eye, orbit, and skull were generated. Pressure, strain, and strain rates were calculated at the cornea, ...

Exposure to explosive blasts can produce functional debilitation in the absence of brain pathology detectable at the scale of current diagnostic imaging. Transient (ms) overpressure components of the primary blast wave are considered to be potentially damaging to the brain. Astrocytes participate in neuronal metabolic maintenance, blood-brain barrier, regulation of homeostatic environment, and ...

blast (magnaporthe grisea) is the most important disease of rice in mazandaran province, north of iran, which causes severe damages annually on susceptible cultivars. tarom mahalli is a local aromatic cultivar with high cooking quality and marketability, but very susceptible to blast. to protect this cultivar and similar susceptible cultivars against rice blast, farmers have to use high amounts...

grain yield loss in rice (oryza sativa l.) caused by blast disease, magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr, is a major concern of rice growers worldwide. blast is considered as the most injurious disease of rice in iran, resulting in severe loss especially to susceptible rice cultivars. in order to assess yield loss caused by blast pathogen and develop an appropriate model, different disease onsets a...

Abstract Blast loading represents a critical dynamic condition for both metal and composite structures. The blast response of materials has been extensively dealt with by researchers through experimental, analytical numerical analyses, while appear to have investigated in less detail. In this work, the plate is numerically employing pure Lagrangian fully coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approa...

Emotional disorders are a common outcome from mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans, but their pathophysiological basis is poorly understood. We have developed a mouse model of closed-head blast injury using an air pressure wave delivered to a small area on one side of the cranium, to create mild TBI. We found that 20-psi blasts in 3-month-old C57BL/6 male mice yielded no obvious behavior...