Multicystic dysplastic kidney is the most common type of renal cystic disease, one of the most common cause of an abdominal mass in infants. A multicystic dysplastic kidney contains non-communicating multiple cystic spaces varying in size and has no functioning renal tissue. there is a possibly results that it from abnormal metanephros differentiation, probably due to disturbed connection of ur...

In order to determine the influence of the nerve cord on the polarity of the blastema regeneration in Dugesia japonica, three groups of isolated body fragments with the reversed ventral nerve cord were prepared; 1) fragments with one nerve cord intact and the other rotated; 2) fragments with only one nerve cord reversed; 3) fragments with three nerve cords which consist of two intact nerve cord...

The principles underlying regeneration in planarians have been explored for over 100 years through surgical manipulations and cellular observations. Planarian regeneration involves the generation of new tissue at the wound site via cell proliferation (blastema formation), and the remodeling of pre-existing tissues to restore symmetry and proportion (morphallaxis). Because blastemas do not repla...

Planarians can be cut into irregularly shaped fragments capable of regenerating new and complete organisms. Such regenerative capacities involve a robust ability to restore bilateral symmetry. We have identified three genes needed for bilaterally asymmetric fragments to regenerate missing body parts. These genes are candidate components of a signaling pathway that controls the dorsal-ventral pa...

Planarians have high regenerative ability, which is dependent on pluripotent adult somatic stem cells called neoblasts. Recently, canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was shown to be required for posterior specification, and Hedgehog signaling was shown to control anterior-posterior polarity via activation of the Djwnt1/P-1 gene at the posterior end of planarians. Thus, various signaling molecules...

To study the genetic regulation of growth control and pattern formation during fin development and regeneration, we have analysed the expression of four homeobox genes, msxA, msxB, msxC and msxD in zebrafish fins. The median fin fold, which gives rise to the unpaired fins, expresses these four msx genes during development. Transcripts of the genes are also present in cells of the presumptive pe...

Retinoic acid (RA) exerts a variety of effects on the regenerating urodele limb including positional respecification of the blastema. The major RA receptor expressed in the newt limb and blastema is the delta 1 isoform and, in order to detect delta 1 in this context, we have made five affinity-purified antibodies against fusion proteins and peptides from non-overlapping regions of the molecule....

Twelve human embryos and fetuses aged of 7-30 weeks of intrauterinal life were examined to determine the expression of bcl-2 gene in the developing kidney. Tissue samples were routinely processed and three-step indirect immunohistochemical method was used for the detection of Bcl-2 protein. End-point cytophotometry was performed with computer-controlled microscope photometer with a scanning tab...

During salamander limb regeneration, only the structures distal to the amputation plane are regenerated, a property known as the rule of distal transformation. Multiple cell types are involved in limb regeneration; therefore, determining which cell types participate in distal transformation is important for understanding how the proximo-distal outcome of regeneration is achieved. We show that c...

Regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin following amputation occurs through wound healing, followed by formation of a blastema, which produces cells to replace the lost tissue in the final phase of regenerative outgrowth. We show that ptpn11a-/- ptpn11b-/- zebrafish embryos, lacking functional Shp2, fail to regenerate their caudal fin folds. Rescue experiments indicated that Shp2a has a functi...