Among publications concerning the chemical properties and bleaching aspects of chlorine in early bleaching is included the analytical testing of bleaching solutions, as described in a manuscript entitled “An Essay on the Improvements in the Art of Bleaching by the Application of the Principles of Chemistry” by James Rennie (1787-1867). The manuscript is held by Birmingham City Archives within t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching and delayed bonding on the shear bond strengths of metal and ceramic brackets bonded with light and chemically cure composite resin to human enamel. One hundred and twenty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 40 each. The first two groups were bleached with 20 per cent carbamide peroxide (CP) at-...

This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of dentin treated with two 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents 15 days after bleaching and storage in artificial saliva. Dentin fragments were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20) for the treatment with the two different bleaching agents (Rembrandt 10% or Opalescence 10%) or with a placebo agent, applied to the tooth surface for...

Objectives. Controversial reports exist whether bleaching agents cause a susceptibility to demineralization. The aim of this study was to compare the calcium loss of enamel treated with different bleaching agents and activation methods. Method and Materials. The specimens obtained from human premolars were treated in accordance with manufacturer protocols; 10% carbamide peroxide, 38% hydrogen p...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological and structural changes of the enamel induced by three bleaching agents namely old McInnes solution, modified McInnes solution and 10% carbamide peroxide gel at different time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen freshly extracted noncarious human central incisors with intact en...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate changes in the enamel surface of bovine teeth after whitening with exogenous bleaching agents: 10% carbamide peroxide (group 1), 16% carbamide peroxide (group 2) and 35% hydrogen peroxide activated by a light-emitting diode (LED) (group 3). The evaluations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety bovine teeth wer...

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro effect of antioxidants on bond strength between composite resin and enamel subjected to bleaching agents. Methods: Nineteen sound human molars had their roots sectioned, while surfaces were flattened filled with produce specimens, which then divided into seven groups: G1 – unbleached without antioxidant (control); G2 36% carbamide peroxide; G3 peroxide 10% as...