The notion that restoring vision to the blind is possible has long been thought to be fanciful. However, beginning as far back as the 1960s vision scientists began to investigate the possibility of restoring vision to the blind by activating neurons in the visual pathways beyond the eye, namely in the visual cortex. These early experiments showed that it is possible to elicit visual sensations ...

BACKGROUND Visual acuity and vision related quality of life outcomes in cataract surgery were evaluated in a population based survey in two geographic zones in Nepal. METHODS Case finding was based on random sampling using a stratified cluster design with door to door enumeration of people aged > or = 45 years followed by eye examinations at village sites. All aphakics/pseudophakics, those wi...

in this paper, the writers try to compare two authors, the iranian leftist, bozorg alavi (1904-1997) and the polish joseph conrad (1857-1924). although these two writers have different attitudes to socialism and the question of revolution, both share romantic idealism and a tragic sense of personal and social life. moreover, they both are precursors of modernist novel in their countries, and sh...

Facial prostheses aim to restore the appearance, contours, and esthetics of the face while consequently enhancing patients' self-esteem and reintegration into social life. Restoring unilateral missing ocular and orbital tissues is a challenging task that requires great skill from the clinician (anaplastologist) to accurately mimic the opposing natural tissues. Bilateral defects present addition...

AIM To study the prevalence and causes of blindness in a rural south Indian population. METHODS 3924/4800 enumerated (81.75%) subjects, aged 40 years or more from rural Tamil Nadu, underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination-visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, gonioscopy, cataract grading (LOCS II), retinal examination, and SITA Standard where indicated. Blindness was defined ...

This paper describes a novel approach for enabling the blind to achieve obstacle avoidance and navigation in outdoor environments with the aid of visual sensors, GPS and electro-tactile stimulation. The electro-neural vision system (ENVS) works by extracting a depth map from stereo cameras by measuring the disparity between the stereo images. This range data is then delivered to the fingers via...