background calcium infusion is used as a pre-treatment before calcium channel blockers to prevent hypotension. occasional cardioversion with calcium gluconate infusion is seen in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. several mechanisms have been suggested for mechanism. herein we report a case presenting with atrial fibrillation but cardioverted with calcium gluconate infusion,...

B eta-adrenergic blockers have been widely used as first-line drugs in the treatment of idiopathic arterial hypertension for around 40 years. Recent meta-analyses, however, suggest that they are significantly inferior to other categories of drugs (thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers). This observation has...

Calcium channel blockers are important drugs for the treatment of chronic stable angina. However, negative inotropic and dromotropic effects may limit their usefulness in patients with atrioventricular conduction abnormalities or left ventricular dysfunction. A new generation of calcium channel blockers will soon be available that have a more vascular selective action than currently available a...

OBJECTIVES Hypertension is well established as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although there is undeniable evidence to support the beneficial effects of antihypertensive therapy on morbidity and mortality, adequate blood pressure management still remains suboptimal. Research into the treatment of hypertension has produced a multitude of drug classes with different efficacy prof...

The novel coronavirus (CoV) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 outbreak began at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread to over 200 countries. Many comorbidities have shown be associated with severity viral infection hypertension being one highest rated since loss ACE2 receptor due SARS-Cov-2 can lead increased blood pressure. effects clinical characteristics use beta-block...

The agents commonly called the calcium channel blockers comprise an increasing number of agents, including the prototypical verapamil (Calan, Isoptin), nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), and diltiazem (Cardizem). These agents are a chemically and pharmacologically heterogeneous group of synthetic drugs, but they possess the common property of selectively antagonizing Ca movements that underlie the...

In a single-blind, randomised, crossover study in 10 asthmatic patients, the effects of approximately equipotent oral doses of 3 cardioselective beta-blockers-atenolol (100 mg), metoprolol (100 mg), and acebutolol (300 mg)-and 4 non-cardioselective beta-blockers-proranolol (100 mg), oxprenolol (100 mg), pindolol (5 mg), and timolol (10 mg) upon FEV1 were compared. All drugs, except pindolol, pr...

T he concept of proarrhythmia, the realization that antiarrhythmic drugs can occasionally drastically aggravate the very problem for which they were prescribed, is now widely appreciated and has undoubtedly lead to an overall improvement in the use of these drugs. Proarrhythmia is a particularly dangerous type of side effect: It is unpredictable, may easily escape detection, and can turn a beni...

BACKGROUND Beta-blockers are frequently withheld in patients with cardiovascular disease who also have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of concerns that they might provoke bronchospasm and cause deterioration in health status. Although beta1-selective beta-blockers are associated with reduced mortality in COPD patients, their effects on health status are unknown. The aim of ...

In various manifestations of cardiovascular disease, blockade of the renin–angiotensin system by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been shown to prevent or delay disease progression effectively and improve prognosis in terms of mortality and morbidity. Angiotensin type 1-receptor (AT1-receptor) blockers, on the other hand, are used for more specific and efficacious blockade of ...