1. Young steers were fed either 3-4 or 20 h before exposure to a thermoneutral or a moderately cold environment. Measurements were made of total oxygen consumption (total V 0-2), respiratory quotient (rq), blood packed cell volume (PCV), and hind-leg blood flow (leg Q) and oxygen uptake (leg VO-2). The arteriovenous differences in whole blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate, and individual amino ...

arginine vasopressin as a supplementary vasopressor in septic shock restores vascular tone and mean arterial pressure, meanwhile decreases dose and exposure time to catecholamines. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vasopressin on lactate and lactate clearance as markers of tissue perfusion during septic shock. in this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 30 patient...

abstract background: after coronary artery bypass surgery, pulmonary complications and oxygenation disorders are common, which have an important role in mortality and morbidity. different methods are used for the improvement of pulmonary function and oxygenation, of which incentive spirometry (is) has been investigated here. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of is on arterial blo...

introduction: controlling and reducing serum uric acid levels may have beneficial effects on blood pressure control. the current study was carried out to assess the effects of allopurinol administration on serum uric acid and arterial blood pressure among the patients under hemodialysis.  methods: this double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 132 hemodialysis patients (two separate groups) ...

OBJECTIVE Decreases in buccal microcirculation are indicative of the severity of hemorrhage, but incidental observations suggest that this may not apply to the cerebral microcirculation. We therefore hypothesized that the cerebral microcirculation may be preserved in hemorrhagic shock in which systemic and buccal microcirculatory flow are reduced. We propose to relate changes in the macrocircul...

PURPOSE To determine the roles of oxidation and glycolysis with aerobic and anaerobic lactate formation in the glucose metabolism of the cat outer retina in light and darkness. METHODS Blood was collected from a choroidal vein and from an artery, and veno-arterial differences in lactate concentration (Lac(v-a) were determined at increasing light intensities. Blood also was sampled under condi...

Hypoglycemia-induced cerebral neuropathy can occur in patients with diabetes who attempt tight control of blood glucose and may lead to cognitive dysfunction. Accumulating evidence from animal models suggests that hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death is not a simple result of glucose deprivation, but is instead the end result of a multifactorial process. In particular, the excessive activation o...

OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of pulse oximetry on the use of arterial blood gas and other laboratory determinations and to examine predictors of the use of arterial blood gas measurements. DESIGN Before (preoximetry)/after (postoximetry) study. SETTING Thirty-bed multidisciplinary critical care unit. PATIENTS Consecutive admissions of 300 patients (150 before and 150 after oximetry). ...

BACKGROUND Traditionally, elevated blood lactate after hemorrhage is interpreted as tissue hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and anaerobic glycolysis. The severity and duration of the increase in blood lactate correlate with death. Recent in vitro studies indicate that epinephrine stimulates lactate production in well-oxygenated skeletal muscle by increasing activity of the Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatas...

The rapid determination of lactate level is useful for clinical emergencies, as in the case of shock conditions or during surgical operations, as well as in numerous cases of respiratory failure, in cardiac or paediatric pathology and during exercise tests. Moreover, it is of prognostic significance in critically ill patients. Photometric methods are slow and, even when performed in good condit...