A prospective study involving 87 patients was carried out to evaluate the necessity for a high dose of contrast material in addition to delayed computed tomographic (CT) scanning for optimal detection of the lesions of multiple sclerosis in the brain. In patients with either clinically definite multiple sclerosis or laboratory-supported definite multiple sclerosis, CT scans were obtained with a...

BACKGROUND Optimal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy emphasizes the relationship between insulin dose and carbohydrate consumption. One widely used tool (bolus calculator) requires the user to enter discrete carbohydrate values; however, many patients might not estimate carbohydrates accurately. This study assessed carbohydrate estimation accuracy in type 1 diabetes CSII u...

INTRODUCTION Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) has known deleterious side effects in immediate autologous breast reconstruction. However, plastic surgeons are rarely involved in PMRT planning. Our institution has adopted a custom bolus approach for all patients receiving PMRT. This offers uniform distribution of standard radiation doses, thereby minimizing radiation-induced changes while ...

A poor bolus injection results in an unsatisfactory quantitative radionuclide angiocardiogram in as many as 20% of children with possible, left-to-right (L-R) cardiac shunts. Deconvolution analysis was applied to similar studies in experimental animals to determine whether dependence on the input bolus could be minimized. Repeated good-bolus, prolonged (greater than 2.5 sec), or multiple-peak i...

It has been speculated that convective ventilatory inhomogeneities are an important factor influencing aerosol bolus behavior in the compromised lung. Multiple-breath 133Xe washout (MBWXe) is a commonly accepted test of ventilation distribution. By comparing aerosol bolus parameters to MBWXe in 9 healthy subjects and 14 cystic fibrosis patients with mild-to-moderate airway obstruction, we have ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using an ultrasound contrast agent test bolus to determine optimum bolus timing for three-dimensional (3D) gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Small test doses of ultrasound contrast agent (0.3 ml Optison) were injected intravenously followed immediately by a 20 ml saline flush. Arrival of the contrast agen...

AIM To investigate the functional effects of abnormal esophagogastric (EGJ) measurements in asymptomatic healthy volunteers over eighty years of age. METHODS Data from 30 young controls (11 M, mean age 37 ± 11 years) and 15 aged subjects (9 M, 85 ± 4 years) were compared for novel metrics of EGJ-function: EGJ-contractile integral (EGJ-CI), "total" EGJ-CI and bolus flow time (BFT). Data were a...

c NORMAL SWALLOWING Sherrington originally studied swallowing in decerebrate cats. He described the effect of various agents—whiskey, oil, water—which, when dropped onto the area supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve, would elicit a “swallow”. This “swallow” did not involve any preparation of a bolus or any lingual propulsion, and was justifiably considered to be a reflex. I will use the ter...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of adding an oxytocin infusion to bolus oxytocin on blood loss at elective caesarean section. DESIGN Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial, conducted from February 2008 to June 2010. SETTING Five maternity hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. PARTICIPANTS 2069 women booked for elective caesarean section at term with a singleton pregnancy. ...

(h) Controlled-release glass boluses (35 g) for use in sheep. The bolus contains by weight 13.4% copper. 0.5% cobalt and 0.3% selenium in a soluble glass matrix. (i) Sustained-release rumen bolus (80 g) for cattle. The bolus is composed of a compressed mixture of copper. cobalt. selenium. manganese. zinc. iodine and vitamins A. D and E. The round end of one bolus has been removed to show the 25...