OBJECTIVE An experiment was conducted to evaluate dietary supplemental trace mineral source and deletion on mineral content in tissues. METHODS Weanling crossbred pigs (n = 144; 72 barrows and 72 gilts; body weight [BW] = 7.4±1.05 kg) were used. A basal diet was prepared, and trace mineral premix containing either inorganic (ITM) or organic (OTM) trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was added ...

In this study we use economic input-output analysis to calculate the inequality footprint of nations. An inequality footprint shows the link that each country's domestic economic activity has to income distribution elsewhere in the world. To this end we use employment and household income accounts for 187 countries and an historical time series dating back to 1990. Our results show that in 2010...

Osteoporosis is considered a serious debilitating disease. Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja), a plant containing antioxidant compounds and minerals, may be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis. This study determines the effectiveness of C. caudatus as bone protective agent in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Thirty-two female rats, aged 3 months old, were divided into 4 groups. Group one was ...

The galls of the Quercus infectoria (QI) tree are traditionally believed to have great medicinal value. Pharmacologically the galls are claimed to have various biological activities such as astringent effect, antidiabetic, antitremorine, local anaesthetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and many more. These pharmacological activities of gall extracts were reported to b...

Rickets or osteomalacia may arise from a defect anywhere in the bone mineralization pathway, which begins with the process of vitamin D activation, includes input of minerals to the bloodstream, and ends with accumulation of mineral crystals in osteoid. This chapter focuses upon the actions of vitamin D, and particularly the central role of the receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3...

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a good indicator for measurements of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which measures the density of minerals present in the bones using a special scan. This study was conducted to assess the association between BMI and status of BMD among 101 individuals who underwent Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. 39 subjects had normal and 62 had low bone mineral density. BMD...

Sambucus williamsii Hance (Jiegumu) is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat bone and joint diseases. The major phytochemicals in S. williamsii are lignans, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, together with trace amounts of essential oils, minerals, amino acids, and natural pigments. In this review, a database search for studies published from 1990 to November 2015 was conducted using Pub...

Small preterm infants often develop osteopenia with or without rickets and with or without fraewres. Whether these Ilone abnormalities all form part of the same disease process with a wide spectrum of presentation or whether each abnormality represents a different disease is as yet unclear. Bone mineralization depends largely on adequate supplies of calcium and phosphate. The normal intra-uteri...

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of bone collagen are an established method for dietary reconstruction, but this method is limited by the protein preservation. Zinc (Zn) is found in bioapatite and the isotopic compositions of this element constitute a very promising dietary indicator. The extent of fractionation of Zn isotopes in marine environments, however, remains unknown. We report...

Minerals can be divided into two main categories, 1) macro-minerals and 2) micro or trace minerals. Macro minerals are minerals that are needed/required in relatively large amounts in comparison to micro or trace elements which are needed/required in relatively small amounts. In general macro minerals are required at concentrations greater than 100 ppm of the diet and are often expressed as a p...