background and aim: aging is accompanied with changes in cognitive capacities. in spite of advances in neural imaging technologies, there is not a straightforward method to observe cognitive functions. for assessing brain functions, researchers mainly use psychometric tests. the aim of this study was using consonant-vowel (cv) dichotic test as a non-invasive behavioral test for auditory attenti...

Biological strategies for bottom-up synthesis of inorganic crystalline and amorphous materials within topographic templates have recently become an attractive approach for fabricating complex synthetic structures. Inspired by these strategies, herein the synthesis of multi-layered, hierarchical inverse colloidal crystal films formed directly on topographically patterned substrates via evaporati...

Complicated functional microparticles with complex nanostructured compartments have been synthesized from emulsion templates by lithographic compartment allocations. Our 'top-down-bottom-up' hybrid method will provide additional material engineering capability for the synthesis of advanced functional microparticles.

There is a huge demand of silver nanoparticles in the global market due to their special properties and applications in different fields such as nanomedicine , dentists , nanocatalysis, nanoelectronics, textile field, waste water treatment.The major cons of top down and Bottom up methods are the synthesis processes are highly costly, time consuming and many harmful chemicals are used. To reduce...

The bottom-up synthesis and preliminary characterizations of a new biphenylene-based 2D framework are presented. This low-dimensional carbon allotrope potentially completes the many hypothesized networks based on biphenylene.

The aim of this study was to compare the production of nanocrystals of a poorly watersoluble antioxidant, quercetin, by top-down and bottom-up techniques. The top-down method used was high pressure homogenization (HPH) and bottom-up method of evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension (EPN) was used and the products from both these methods were compared. The particle size of the original drug ...

This paper describes a method for converting a task-dependent grammar into a word predictor of a speech understanding system, Since tile word prediction is a top-down operation, le f t recursive rules induces an i n f i n i t e looping. We have solved this problem by applying an algorithm for bottom-up parsing,