the objective of this study was to compare different antigen preparations to produce monoclonalantibodies against bovine leukaemia virus gp51su. the four antigen preparations for immunization ofbalb/c mice were: cl: blv-flk cell lysate, uf: a fraction of cl (between 30 and 100 kda), wvp: wholevirus particles and sp: with ion exchange chromatography, gp51su was semipurified. a total of ninesucce...

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that is classified as the type species of the genus Ephemerovirus. In addition to the five canonical rhabdovirus structural proteins (N, P, M, G, and L), the large and complex BEFV genome contains several open reading frames (ORFs) between the G and L genes (α1, α2/α3, β, and γ) encoding proteins of unknown function. We show ...

remarks on the other side of the question. Any one who has had the opportunity of watching the course of an epidemic of enteric fever at home and of treating groups of cases from the same street, perhaps from the same household, must have been struck by the great variation among the cases as regards severity and mildness, and varying predominance of symptoms. There seems to bs no reason why mil...

An analysis of the responses received shows that, in Europe, nearly two thirds of the countries have a certain degree of epidemiological surveillance for diseases and pathogens in wildlife. Rabies, trichinellosis, infection of wild birds with a highly pathogenic or low pathogenic avian influenza virus, alveolar echinococcosis, bovine tuberculosis, classical swine fever and African swine fever w...

Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) causes malignant catarrhal fever in cattle, pigs and deer. We have observed intact circular and linear OvHV-2 genomes in infected T cell lines derived from cows and rabbits. Bovine T cell lines were predominantly latently infected but rabbit T cell lines supported OvHV-2 productive cycle gene expression and virus capsids were demonstrated for the first time.

The genus Pestivirus comprises four established species: Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2), Border disease virus (BDV), and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV); and a tentative species, Pestivirus of giraffe. Additional pestiviruses have been identified and suggested for recognition as novel subgroups/species. To achieve a reliable phylogeny as the basis for classification...

The goal of this study was to evaluate survival of important viral pathogens of livestock in animal feed ingredients imported daily into the United States under simulated transboundary conditions. Eleven viruses were selected based on global significance and impact to the livestock industry, including Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), African Swine Fever V...

Viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family primarily spread through arthropod vectors, and are the major causes of illness and death around the globe. The Flaviviridae family consists of 3 genera which include the Flavivirus genus (type species, yellow fever virus) as the largest genus, the Hepacivirus (type species, hepatitis C virus) and the Pestivirus (type species, bovine virus diarrhea)....

conclusions the newly developed simple indirect elisa showed high sensitivity and specificity with respect to vnt. developing such a simple, sensitive, and specific elisa which is much less expensive than the available commercial elisa kits can improve the detection of bvdv infections, help to eliminate the disease from herds, and decrease economic losses caused by this disease. background bovi...

Classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus are members of the genus pestivirus, which belongs to the family of the Flaviviridae. Recently, envelope glycoprotein Erns was identified as an RNase. RNases can express different biological actions. They have been shown to be neurotoxic, antihelminthic, and immunosuppressive. We studied the immunosuppressive properties of Erns in vitr...