BACKGROUND A single dose of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin can induce tolerance against cerebral ischemia in vivo (pharmacologic preconditioning). This study identified potential mechanisms of tolerance induction by assessing effects of erythromycin preconditioning on the cerebral transcriptional response to transient global cerebral ischemia. METHODS Preconditioned and nonprecondition...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Postischemic delayed neuronal death (DND) of hippocampal CA1 neurons has been suggested to occur as a result of formation of calcium-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors lacking the GluR2 subunit (GluR2 hypothesis). DND can be prevented by a short tolerance-inducing ischemic period. The present study was designed to assess w...

Evaluating the impact of Viola spathulata in a rat model brain ischemia/reperfusion by influencing expression level caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2

Ischemic tolerance can be induced by numerous preconditioning stimuli, including various Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We have shown previously that systemic administration of the TLR4 ligand LPS or the TLR9 ligand unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide before transient brain ischemia in mice confers substantial protection against ischemic damage. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of pre...

objective(s) opioid abuse is still remained a major mental health problem, a criminal legal issue and may cause ischemic brain changes including stroke and brain edema. in the present study, we investigated whether spontaneously withdrawal syndrome might affect stroke outcomes. materials and methods addiction was induced by progressive incremental doses of morphine over 7 days. behavioral signs...

Ghrelin, an acyl-peptide gastric hormone and an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor 1a (GHS-R 1a) exerts multiple functions. It has been reported that synthetic GHS-hexarelin reduces injury of cerebral cortex and hippocampus after brain hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats. However, the effect of ghrelin in tolerance of the brain tissues to cerebral ischemia/reperfusio...