BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the brain after ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigate the generation of brain ROS after transient focal ischemia in mice using a radical trapping radiotracer, [(3)H]-labeled N-methyl-2,3-diamino-6-phenyl-dihydrophenanthridine ([(3)H]hydromethidine), which we recently reported as a ROS imaging probe....

We assessed neurological outcomes, infarct volume, and the expression of nestin and caspase-3 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion, with mild hypothermia (MH) treatment at the onset of ischemia in a MCAO rat model. Reperfusion began 2 hours after the MCAO model was set-up. MH treatment began at the onset of ischemia and was m...

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 has been shown to contribute to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, infarct formation, and hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke. The cellular source of MMP-9 detectable in the ischemic brain remains controversial since extracellular molecules in the brain may be derived from blood. We here demonstrate that bone marrow-derived cells are the major so...

Recent studies suggest that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) protects the rat brain from ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key signaling molecule involved in protection against IR injury but its role in protective effect of HO in brain injury in unknown. In this study we attempted to see if PKC is involved in the effect of HO. Rats were divided into four main experimental g...

Ekbom Syndrome is characterized by delusion that small living being infests skin. The clinical profile of this disorder has shown it to be associated with organic conditions. Neuroimaging studies implicate putamen as the brain structure involved in the pathophysiology. These are also known as organic delusional disorder and provide an opportunity to study biological causation of delusional diso...

A case is reported of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with amyloid infiltration of cerebral vessels. The duration of progressive dementia was only 4 months. Neuritic plaques were not a feature of the pathology. This report emphasises the association of spongiform encephalopathy with the presence of amyloid in the brain.

Summnary Over a 3-year period, 667 brain scans were performed, of which the results in 632 have been analysed. Positive scans were found in 68% of 204 cerebral tumours. There was a high rate of detection of meningiomas and malignant gliomas. Scanning was less helpful in visualizing slowly growing gliomas, and those tumours situated in the mid-line or posterior fossa. Metastases occupied an inte...

BACKGROUND Multi-infarct dementia (MID), a prominent subtype of vascular dementia (VaD), has only achieved recognition in the last 4 decades. Since its original description, the characterization, etiological understanding, and therapeutic direction of MID and other VaD subtypes has progressed at an astounding rate. SUMMARY This paper divides the landmark discoveries and emergence of new resea...