A new species from Iran is described and illustrated here as Kickxia iranica (Plantaginaceae). Kickxia iranica is morphologically similar to K. commutata, a species native to Mediterranean region, however it can be distinguished from the latter by leaf shape, color of corolla, habit, stem branching and length of leaf, petiole, pedicel and corolla. Notes on its distribution, ecology and phenolog...

Abstract Branching-stable processes have recently appeared as counterparts of stable subordinators, when addition real variables is replaced by branching mechanisms for point processes. Here we are interested in their domains attraction and describe explicit conditions a random walk to converge after proper magnification branching-stable process. This contrasts with deep results obtained during...

We illustrate the importance of branching in planning by exploring alternative branching schemes in Graphplan. As argued elsewhere, Graphplan can be understood as a heuristic search planner that performs an IDA* regression search with a heuristic function encoded in the plan graph. Here, we study two alternatives to Graphplan where the IDA* search algorithm and the heuristic encoded in the plan...

Aims: Evolutionary branching is a process of evolutionary diversification induced by frequency-dependent ecological interaction. Here we show how to predict the occurrence of evolutionary branching in bivariate traits when populations are evolving directionally. Methods: Following adaptive dynamics theory, we assume low mutation rates and small mutational step sizes. On this basis, we generaliz...

We consider a continuous-time symmetric branching random walk on multidimensional lattice with finite set of particle generation centers, i.e., sources. The existence positive eigenvalue the evolutionary operator means exponential growth first moment total number particles both at an arbitrary point and entire lattice. Branching walks or negative intensities sources that have simplex configurat...

In many experiments, some of the factors exist only within the level of another factor. Such factors are often called nested factors. A factor within which other factors are nested is called a branching factor. For example, suppose we want to experiment with two processing methods. The factors involved in these two methods can be different. Thus, in this experiment the processing method is a br...

The mammalian lung develops through branching morphogenesis. Two primary forms of branching, which occur in order, in the lung have been identified: tip bifurcation and side branching. However, the mechanisms of lung branching morphogenesis remain to be explored. In our previous study, a biological mechanism was presented for lung branching pattern formation through a branching model. Here, we ...