this paper reviews the relationship between the rule of law, good governance, and sustainable development as those terms are used by the relevant development organizations; describes the efforts made by various organizations to promote the rule of law and good governance; and addresses the need to strengthen compliance and enforcement for sustainable development. a recent movement, which has re...

stand establishment in crusting soil is one of the main concerns in the production of crops with delicate seedlings such as cotton, onions and rape seed. crust breaking, maintaining soil moisture and adding chemical and organic amendments to soil are different methods to weaken soil strength and allow the shoots to emerge. these methods are not always successful because they depend on factors s...

Public sector information and communication technologies (ICT) cost taxpayers in the United Kingdom (UK) over £16 billion annually and are responsible for between 35-38% of ICT-related Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. While the UK’s Greening Government ICT Strategy is regarded as an exemplar in regard to the latter, the Government ICT Strategy addresses the former in terms of eliminating the unn...

This article focuses on the problems faced by researchers carrying out participant observation in fields where the committal of criminal offences is the norm. Can participation in criminal activity by a researcher be justified on the grounds that it is necessary to prevent the distortion of the field? Alternatively, can the difficulties in gaining and maintaining access in such spheres excuse s...

Steep, short-crested waves, as well as a large variety of three-dimensional propagating wave patterns have been created in laboratory, utilizing a plunging half-cone. Monochromatic waves, over a range of frequencies and amplitudes through breaking and including soliton wave groups near resonance, have been observed and studied in a small wave flume. This monochromatic wavemaker creates complex ...

Although liability under general tort and contract law principles is not limited to a certain amount, liability arising under a carriage contract is limited by the majority of international transport conventions and national legislatures. Undoubtedly, limitation of liability is one of the most important elements of shipping law since, today, the carrier’s liability insurance system is based exc...

there are a variety of definitions about social security and threats indicating a lack of consensus on this issue, and not considering the impact of social conditions of different countries. thus, although in a scientific study considering other viewpoints can be useful, in order to be practical, we should indigenously note indigenous conditions and domestic scholar’s comments. based on this id...

Loot boxes in video games are gambling-like mechanics that players buy to obtain randomised rewards of varying value. conceptually and psychologically similar gambling, loot box expenditure is positively correlated with self-reported problem gambling severity. Citing consumer protection concerns, the Belgian Gaming Commission opined such constitute under existing law effectively ‘banned’ by thr...