The double-bubble deformity is one of the most common problems in breast augmentation, with or without mastopexy. Classically, open techniques have been used to treat this deformity, including elevation and reconstruction of the inframammary crease or parenchymal scoring. In this study, the author reports experiencewith a simple, closed technique of serial fat grafting procedures to treat the d...

BACKGROUND Sub-muscular positioning of breast implants requires interrupting as well as disinserting both the abdominal and sterno-chondral fibers of the pectoral muscle; this can produce a muscular strength reduction which reveal bothering and is often detected in some daily motions, such as cutting bread into slices. MATERIAL AND METHODS The revision of anatomy and literature induced the au...

INTRODUCTION There are many indications for breast augmentation, including reconstruction after mastectomy, correction of congenital disorders and cosmetic procedures. The most frequent local complication of this surgery is capsule formation due to fibrosis. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of sonoelastography in the evaluation of capsule formation around silicone implants. M...

Capsular contraction is a frequent complication following breast augmentation. On the other hand, capsular weakness, a not widely recognized complication, may occur around the implant. A weak capsule allows the migration of the prosthesis to the lateral region of the thoracic region or inferiorly, towards the abdomen, due to gravitational forces. The cause of capsular weakness remains unresolve...

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG), a polymer of the acrylamide monomer, was once thought to be a safe and biocompatible soft tissue filler. It has been widely used in cosmetic procedures, such as breast augmentation and facial contouring, for more than 10 years. However, a number of studies have reported complications of PAAG injection for breast augmentation, including induration of breast tissue...