background: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt signaling pathway is recognized as a key driver of cancer cell survival and proliferation, and is often contingent upon an impairment of expression/function of the pten tumor suppressor, a negative regulator of this pathway. in addition, the cytoskeletal signaling protein tensin 2 has also been implicated as a negative regulator of this pathway....

The normal developmental program that prolactin generates in the mammary gland is usurped in the cancerous process and can be used out of its normal cellular context at a site of secondary metastasis. Prolactin is a pleiotropic peptide hormone and cytokine that is secreted from the pituitary gland, as well as from normal and cancerous breast cells. Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest th...

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme and autoantigen expressed in thyroid and breast tissues. Thyroid TPO undergoes a complex maturation process however, nothing is known about post-translational modifications of breast-expressed TPO. In this study, we have investigated the biochemical properties of TPO expressed in normal and cancerous human breast tissues, and the maturation process and anti...

background: recently, it has been indicated that x-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be used to access signature of tissue. some scientists are interested in studying this effect to get early detection of breast cancer. since experimental methods for optimization are time consuming and expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation. monte carlo (mc) codes are the best option...

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the functions of proteins involved in oncogenic progression or help to discover new tumor suppressors. In addition, injecting cancer cells into mice with different genotypes might provide a better understanding of the importance of the stromal compartment...

Multidimensional LC-MS/MS has been used for the analysis of biological samples labeled with isobaric mass tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in human head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in relation to non-cancerous head-and-neck tissues (controls) for cancer biomarker discovery. Fifteen individual samples (cance...

Multidimensional LC-MS/MS has been used for the analysis of biological samples labeled with isobaric mass tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in human headand-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in relation to non-cancerous head-and-neck tissues (controls) for cancer biomarker discovery. Fifteen individual samples (cancer...

A novel optical temporal log-slope difference mapping approach is proposed for cancerous breast tumor detection. In this method, target tissues are illuminated by near-infrared (700-1000 nm) ultrashort laser pulses from various surface source points, and backscattered time-resolved light signals are collected at the same surface points. By analyzing the log-slopes of decaying signals over all p...