CONTEXT The relationship between body size and breast cancer still remains controversial in considering menopausal status. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of height, weight and weight changes with breast cancer in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and State University of Rio de Janeiro (UE...

CONTEXT Endogenous hormones are a primary cause of breast cancer. Adiposity affects circulating hormones, particularly in postmenopausal women, and may be a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of adult weight change since age 18 years and since menopause with the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pr...

BACKGROUND Pregnancy has a short-term risk-increasing effect on breast cancer that may be attributed to growth-promoting effects of pregnancy hormones on prevalent but undetected tumors. Results of two previous studies suggested that placental weight may be positively associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS In a cohort of 338,051 women followed from 1999 to 2008, on the basis of data link...

Background: Lead is the oldest known toxic metal, physiologically and biologically harmful to living creatures. This study aimed to evaluate the lead accumulation in the liver and breast muscles of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and to compare concentrations in both sexes and its effect on blood biochemical factors. Methods: Twenty-four young farm Japanese quails (25 day old) prepared fr...

there is no doubt that breast-feeding is the best and safest way of feeding infants. physiological weight loss occurs in the first two or three days of life, and the achievement of birth weight is expected towards the end of the first week. hypernatremic dehydration may occur in exclusively breast-fed infants if milk supply is low during these first few days. it is not because of the high sodiu...

BACKGROUND Neonatal jaundice, especially breast feeding jaundice is the most common cause of neonatal re-admission within the first month of life. Good maternal support and closed follow-up of newborn infants can promote successful breast feeding without causing any complications. OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of significant weight loss and hypernatremia in infants with breast feeding jaund...

The growth rates of young chicks were varied from 0 to 10% per day by manipulation of the adequacy of the amino acid and energy supply. The rates of protein synthesis in the white breast (pectoralis thoracica) muscle and the dark leg (gastrocnemius and peronaeus longus) muscles were estimated by feeding l-[U-(14)C]tyrosine in amino acid/agar-gel diets (;dietary infusion'). This treatment rapidl...

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) peptide levels have been shown to increase in overloaded skeletal muscles (G. R. Adams and F. Haddad. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: 2509-2516, 1996). In that study, the increase in IGF-I was found to precede measurable increases in muscle protein and was correlated with an increase in muscle DNA content. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that d...