OBJECTIVES To establish if there is an association between ground hardness and injury risk in junior cricket. DESIGN Nested case-series of players who played matches on specific grounds with objective ground hardness measures, within a prospective cohort study of junior community club cricket players. METHODS Monitoring of injuries and playing exposure occurred during 434 matches over the 2...

Nanoindentation measurements were obtained on eight commercially-produced DP980 dual-phase steels to quantify the hardness of the individual constituents, ferrite and martensite, in each steel. Each microstructure was also evaluated to determine grain size, martensite volume fraction (MVF), and retained austenite content. Nanoindentation hardnesses and quantitative microstructural measurements ...

A commercial hardness testing machine was provided to represent a hardness reference standard in Slovenia. In order to evaluate how accurate the hardness scales realised with this machine could be, the main influence factors contributing to the uncertainties were verified and comparative measurements carried out, the results of which were compared with several laboratories owning primary hardne...

An investigation was carried out to understand the effects of solidification time of the cylindrical specimen on hardness, wear rate and the coefficient of friction of Aluminium alloy (LM4). The commercially available LM4 Aluminium alloy was melted in a crucible furnace under argon atmosphere. The molten metal was poured into sand moulds having dissimilar size holes. The cast rods were tested f...

Water hardness is a property depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals, mainly calcium and magnesium. Among the strategies for water quality monitoring, ecotoxicological assays are performed to minimize impacts and classify water bodies. For these laboratory evaluations parameters are previously defined in the guidelines, including water hardness for both cultivation and testing medium...

tan films with different n2 partial pressure were deposited on 304 stainless steel using the magnetron sputtering method. the effect of gas pressure on the mechanical property, morphology and phase structure of the films is investigated by x-ray diffraction (xrd), atomic force microscopy (afm), microhardness testing, friction coefficient measurements, and wear mechanism study. the xrd results c...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surface hardness of silorane-based composite resin (Filtek Silorane) in time and compare the results with the surface hardness of two methacrylate-based resins (Filtek Supreme and Majesty Posterior). MATERIALS AND METHODS From each composite material, 18 wheel-shaped samples (5-mm diameter and 2-mm depth) were prepared. Top and bot...

The present experimental investigations deal with the improvement of mechanical properties of cold work tool steels through different heat treatment processes. An attempt was made to get optimal combination of hardness and toughness through changes of microstructure by heat treatment. The toughness of D2 tool steel increases with tempering temperature. The hardness of D2 tool steel decreases wi...