We investigate a fluid buffer which is modulated by a stochastic background process, while the momentary behavior of the background process depends on the current buffer level in a continuous way. Loosely speaking the feedback is such that the background process behaves `as a continuous-time Markov chain' with generator Q(y) at times when the buffer level is y, where the entries of Q(y) are con...

The nitrate-selective copperised-cadmium (Cu-Cd) reduction reaction coupled directly to the highly sensitive nitrite ion chromatographic detection, produced a more precise method for determination of nitrate than any one of the two conventional methods. A borate buffer solution used in the reduction reaction, in place of the conventional ammonium-EDTA buffer solution, eliminated interferences f...

Suitably designed, hydrophilic Fischer carbene complexes reduce HAuCl4 to produce stable gold nanoparticles localized on proteins in aqueous buffer solution.

The characterization of an optical sensor membrane is described for the determination of Hg2+ ions based on the immobilization of 5, 6 Di methyl -1- ( 4 methyl benzyl) -2- para tolyl-1H-benzimidazole (DMBPTBI) on a triacetylcellulose membrane. The membrane responds to mercury ions by changing color reversibly from orange to red in universal buffer solution at pH 2. Under optimum conditions, the...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are operated with solutions containing various chemical species required for the growth of electrochemically active microorganisms including nutrients and vitamins, substrates, and chemical buffers. Many different buffers are used in laboratory media, but the effects of these buffers and their inherent electrolyte conductivities have not been examined relative to cur...

Fixation was initiated by adding an equal volume of fixative solution, previously warmed to 37°C, to the cells after treatment with zinc oxide nanoparticles for 24 hours. The fixative solution contained 5% glutaraldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences. Euromedex, Strasbourg, France) in a 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (both Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) (305 mOsm. pH 7.3). After 10 min the mixture ...

In this paper, a simple procedure is developed to numerically evaluate the total equivalents introduced by any buffer component in a solution. The same procedure calculates the corresponding derivative with respect to the hydrogen ion. The procedure is useful for generalising the pH calculation for any pH-dependent model with reduction of the model stiffness. It is also found to be useful to ca...

We consider the continuous model of a two machines with finite intermediary buffer production line. The behavior of the machines is controlled by finite homogeneous Markov chains. We study a numerical algorithm for the integration of the system of partial differential equations describing the transient behavior. Stochastic fluid models are used for performance evaluation of high-speed computer ...

Low-work-function active metals are commonly used as cathode in polymer solar cells (PSCs), but sensitivity of the active metals towards moisture and oxygen results in poor stability of the devices. Therefore, solution-proceessable and stable cathode buffer layer is of great importance for the application of PSCs. Here we demonstrate high performance PSCs by employing as-prepared zirconium acet...