Excited-state chemistry is usually ascribed to photo-induced processes, such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photochemistry, or to bio- and chemiluminescence, in which light emission originates from a chemical reaction. A third class of excited-state chemistry is, however, possible. It corresponds to the photochemical phenomena produced by chemienergizing certain chemical groups without l...

Examination of a profile of data already existing on 1,3-butadiene shows adequate knowledge in many areas of toxicology that are conventionally required in hazard identification. However, while much progress has been made in areas of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, further studies would be worthwhile to improve mechanistic understanding such as the examination of alternate metabolic pathways, ...

The "Industrial Heartland" of Alberta is Canada's largest hydrocarbon processing center, with more than 40 major chemical, petrochemical, and oil and gas facilities. Emissions from these industries affect local air quality and human health. This paper characterizes ambient levels of 77 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the region using high-precision measurements collected in summer 2010. Re...

In general, ethylene/1,3-butadiene copolymerizations provides copolymers possessing both pendant vinyls and vinylenes as olefinic moieties. We, at MCI, studied the substituent effects of C2-symmetric zirconocene complexes, rac-[Me2Si(Indenyl’)2]ZrCl2 (Indenyl’ = generic substituted indenyl), after activation on the ratio of the pendant vinyls and vinylenes of the resultant copolymers. Complexes...

the thermally stimulated discharge (tsdc) current is studied for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (nbr) loaded with different high abrasion furnace carbon black (haf). tsdc peak appears only for higher haf contents > 60phr (70 and 80phr of haf contents), the tsdc spectra consist of a sharp peak corresponding to a peak temperature tm which is slightly shifted to higher temperature for 70phr ...

background: the measurement data regarding the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) provides a general overview, demonstrating an overall performance of wwtp. nevertheless, these data do not provide the suitable operational information for the optimization of individual units involved in a wwtp. a full-scale evolution of wwtp was carried out in this study via a reconciled ...

The unprecedented reaction of trisubstituted alkenes with iron porphyrin carbenes has been successfully developed. Both multiply substituted 1,3-butadiene and cyclopentadiene products are readily accessible with high efficiency and selectivity in good yields.

Data on the decomposition of 1,3-butadiene have been analyzed. The numerous isomerization processes that have recently been proposed as additional channels for decomposition have been considered. Energy transfer effects have been taken into account through the solution of the time-dependent master equation. We confirm recent supposition that direct formation of ethylene and acetylene is a major...

Polybutadiene and a co poly mer consisting of 76.5 percent butadiene and 23 .5 percent of styrene were investigated as to t he rates of t heir t hermal degradation . The ra tes for polybu tadiene indicated an act iv:ttion energy of 60 kilocalories per mole. The copolym er had very high init ial rates of degradation, followed by a rapid cirop, so t hat it wa~ not possible to obtain a reliab le a...

A 2-year inhalation study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats with 1,3-butadiene. Groups of 110 male and 110 female rats inhaled 1,3-butadiene at 0, 1000, or 8000 ppm for 6hr/day, 5 days/week. Interim clinical pathology, neuromuscular, and histopathology investigations were carried out. The study terminated at 20 to 25% survival (105 weeks for females, 111 weeks for males). Following exposure ...