Global warming, increasing CO2 concentration, and environmental disturbances affect grassland communities throughout the world. Here, we report on variations in the C3/C4 pattern of Inner Mongolian grassland derived from soil and vegetation. Soil samples from 149 sites covering an area of approximately 250 000 km within Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China were analyzed for the isotopic c...

Study Design Retrospective case series. Objectives The kinematics of the cervical spine has been investigated by many researchers. However, the occupancy of the disk bulges, spinal cord, ligamentum flavum, and the rest of the canal as well as the changes of these structures with motion have not yet been investigated. The goal of this study is to investigate these dynamic changes. Methods The ki...

During C4 photosynthesis, CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO. The net effect is to reduce photorespiration while increasing water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Species that use C4 photosynthesis have evolved independently from their C3 ancestors on more than 60 occasions. Along with mimicry and the camera-like eye, the C4 pathway therefore represents a remarkable example of the repe...

Pang, Haiyan, and Khalil N. Bitar. Direct association of RhoA with specific domains of PKC. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 289: C982–C993, 2005. First published June 1, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00364.2004.— Previous studies performed at our laboratory have shown that agonistinduced contraction of smooth muscle is associated with translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)and RhoA to the membrane and th...

Previous studies performed at our laboratory have shown that agonist-induced contraction of smooth muscle is associated with translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and RhoA to the membrane and that this interaction is due to a direct protein-protein interaction. To determine the domains of PKC-alpha involved in direct interaction with RhoA, His-tagged PKC-alpha proteins of individual dom...