Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects of Multiple Treatments Under the Conditional Independence Assumption The assumption that the assignment to treatments is ignorable conditional on attributes plays an important role in the applied statistic and econometric evaluation literature. Another term for it is conditional independence assumption. This paper discusses identification when the...

Freezing-thawing resistance is a very significant characteristic for concrete in severe environment (such as cold region with the lowest temperature below 0°C). In this study, ordinary-air-entrained (O-A-E) concrete was produced in a laboratory environment; the compressive strength, cubic compressive strength of C50, C40, C30, C25, and C20 ordinary-air-entrained concrete, tensile strength, and ...

Evaluating Environmental Programs: The Perspective of Modern Evaluation Research Large-scale environmental programs generally commit substantial societal resources, making the evaluation of their actual effects on the relevant outcomes imperative. As the example of the subsidization of energy-saving appliances illustrates, much of the applied environmental economics literature has yet to confro...

An understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and lubricant performance is highly desirable from both a fundamental and a practical perspective, such knowledge being vital to improve the performance of mineral oils and to guide the design of future synthetic lubricants. The rheological properties of alkanes of intermediate molecular size (C20–C40) are of particular interest as...

The green microalga Botryococcus braunii is considered a promising biofuel feedstock producer due to its prodigious accumulation of hydrocarbon oils that can be converted into fuels. B. braunii Race L produces the C40 tetraterpenoid hydrocarbon lycopadiene via an uncharacterized biosynthetic pathway. Structural similarities suggest this pathway follows a biosynthetic mechanism analogous to that...

This paper focusses on survey expectations and discusses their uses for testing and modeling of expectations. Alternative models of expectations formation are reviewed and the importance of allowing for heterogeneity of expectations is emphasized. A weak form of the rational expectations hypothesis which focusses on average expectations rather than individual expectations is advanced. Other mod...

Humidity change in concrete is the leading cause of shrinkage. Moreover, moisture diffusion coefficient an essential parameter for assessing and predicting internal content concrete. However, there a lack theoretical construction experimental studies on effect different conditions, especially constraints, Therefore, humidity, pore structure parameters, basic mechanical properties under strength...

Image captioning is a challenging computer vision task, which aims to generate natural language description of an image. Most recent researches follow the encoder-decoder framework depends heavily on previous generated words for current prediction. Such methods can not effectively take advantage future predicted information learn complete semantics. In this paper, we propose Context-Aware Auxil...

Bu çalışma kapsamında farklı sonlu elemanlar yaklaşımları kullanılarak on katlı betonarme bir binanın radye temel kalınlıkları ve beton sınıfları değişiminin oturma üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. İlk yaklaşımda yapı düşey yükleri, sistemi alan yükü olarak etkitilmiştir. İkinci ise zemin birlikte modellenerek üst yükleri zemine doğrudan aktarılmıştır. İki yaklaşımla elde edilen modellerde 80-10...