To achieve both accumulator pressure regulation and generator power tracking for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system, a nonlinear controller designed base on an energy based Lyapunov function. The control inputs for the storage system are the pump/motor displacements inside the hydraulic transformer and the liquid piston air compressor/expander. While the pump/motor inside the liquid ...

Convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) are unsupervised feature extractors for high-resolution images. In the preprocessing step, whitening transformation has widely been adopted to remove redundancy by making adjacent pixels less correlated. Pooling is a biologically inspired operation to reduce the resolution of feature maps and achieve spatial invariance in convolutional neural networks. Conventi...

In the present paper, D-CAES storage systems are compared with Sodium–Sulfur (Na–S) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) based ones on basis of Levelized Cost Storage (LCOS). Utility-scale characterized by a rated power in range 5–20 MW capacity tens/hundreds megawatt-hours have been addressed. Analyses carried out varying key parameters such as installed power, charge/discharge time periods, price electri...

To address the rising electricity demand and greenhouse gas concentration in environment, considerable effort is being carried out across globe on installing operating renewable energy sources. However, production affected by diurnal seasonal variability. ensure that electric grid remains reliable resilient even for high penetration of renewables into grid, various types storage systems are inv...