PURPOSE OF REVIEW The wealth of data regarding fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and Klotho in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has risen exponentially over the past decade. This review is an attempt to summarize pivotal aspects of previous research, provide an update of recent findings and define important areas for future investigation. RECENT FINDINGS The phosphaturic hormone FGF23 increases...

The final step of biomineralization is a chemical precipitation reaction that occurs spontaneously in supersaturated or metastable salt solutions. Genetic programs direct precursor cells into a mineralization-competent state in physiological bone formation (osteogenesis) and in pathological mineralization (ectopic mineralization or calcification). Therefore, all tissues not meant to mineralize ...

INTRODUCTION Calcium crystals exist in the knee joint fluid of up to 65% of osteoarthritis (OA) patients and the presence of these calcium crystals correlates with the radiographic evidence of hyaline cartilaginous degeneration. This study sought to examine calcium deposition in OA meniscus and to investigate OA meniscal cell-mediated calcium deposition. The hypothesis was that OA meniscal cell...

abstract- the adverse effects of periodontal disease on dental pulp has been debated for many years. this case- control study was performed to assess the possible effects of advanced periodontal disease on the structure of dental pulp. fifty-two permanent teeth extracted because of advanced periodontitis with  5mm attachment loss and grade iii mobility were compared to fifty-two control teeth,...

Aim of this study was to investigate heart valve calcification process by different biomineralogical techniques to provide morphological and chemical features of the ectopic deposit extracted from patients with severe mitral and aortic valve stenosis, to better evaluate this pathological process. Polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses brought to light the presence ...

Low dose rate brachytherapy is a widely used modality for the treatment of prostate cancer. Most clinical treatment planning systems currently in use approximate all tissue to water, neglecting the existence of inhomogeneities, such as calcifications. The presence of prostatic calcifications may perturb the dose due to the higher photoelectric effect cross section in comparison to water. This s...

Calcification-related chronic inflammatory diseases are multifactorial pathological processes, involving a complex interplay between inflammation and calcification events in a positive feed-back loop driving disease progression. Gla-rich protein (GRP) is a vitamin K dependent protein (VKDP) shown to function as a calcification inhibitor in cardiovascular and articular tissues, and proposed as a...

A close correlation exists between the pathomechanism and localisation of calcareous bursitis and calcification of tendons and tendon sheaths. Recent descriptions emphasise this fact and give calcifying bursitis. tendinitis and paratendinitis the common name of periarthritis calcarea (Mark#{243} 1956, B#{225}nki1964). Calcareous bursitis is frequently encountered in the shoulder region but it i...

Background/Objective: Hyperphosphatemia is the consequence of end stage renal failure. Inadequate control of serum phosphorus results in elevated Ca×P product with subsequent soft tissue deposition in the form of conjunctival and corneal calcification.  In this study, we evaluated the relationship of conjunctival and corneal calcification with secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patie...

introduction: aim of this study was to assess the association between prostate calcification in transrectalultrasound (trus) and sono- guided needle biopsy in prostate cancer (pca). methods: a cross-sectional study was performed on patients referred to imam khomeini hospital between 2005 and 2011 who underwent trus biopsy due to increased psa or abnormal dre. the serum levels of psa, prostate v...