BACKGROUND Viability in a non dividing state is referred to as chronological life span (CLS). Most grape juice fermentation happens when Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells have stopped dividing; therefore, CLS is an important factor toward winemaking success. RESULTS We have studied both the physical and chemical determinants influencing yeast CLS. Low pH and heat shorten the maximum wine y...

We investigated the effects of Cu2+-loaded silicate (CLS) on the growth performance, microflora of skin, gill and intestine, and intestinal morphology of crucian carp Carassius auratus. A total of 225 native wild crucian carp, with an average initial body weight of 20 g, were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups using 3 replicate tanks of 15 fish per group. The dietary treatments were (1) b...

OBJECTIVE To assess the sensitivity and specificity of 3D double inversion recovery (DIR) MRI for detecting multiple sclerosis (MS) cortical lesions (CLs) using a direct postmortem MRI to histopathology comparison. METHODS Single-slab 3D DIR and 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of 56 matched fresh brain samples from 14 patients with chronic MS were acquired at 1.5 T. The ...

Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antio...

PURPOSE In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify cortical lesions (CL). We sought to evaluate the reliability of CL detection on DIR longitudinally at multiple subsequent time-points applying the MAGNIMs scoring criteria for CLs. METHODS 26 MS patients received a 3T-MRI (Siemens, Skyra) with DIR at 12 ti...

OBJECTIVE To assess, among people with HIV, the association of self-reported antiretroviral treatment (ART) and viral load status with condomless sex with an HIV-serodifferent partner (CLS-D). DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 3258 HIV-diagnosed adults in the United Kingdom, 2011-2012. METHODS CLS-D in the past 3 months and self-reported ART/viral load were ascertained by questionnaire. Clini...

We study the computational complexity ofArrival, a zero-player game on n-vertex switch graphs introduced by Dohrau, Gärtner, Kohler, Matoušek, and Welzl. They showed that the problem of deciding termination of this game is contained in NP ∩ coNP. Karthik C. S. recently introduced a search variant of Arrival and showed that it is in the complexity class PLS. In this work, we significantly improv...

The complexity class CLS was introduced by Daskalakis and Papadimitriou in [9] with the goal of capturing the complexity of some well-known problems in PPAD ∩ PLS that have resisted, in some cases for decades, attempts to put them in polynomial time. No complete problem was known for CLS, and in [9], the problems Contraction, i.e., the problem of finding an approximate fixpoint of a contraction...

This paper describes preliminary results on the application of statistical model-checking to systems described with Stochastic CLS. Stochastic CLS is a formalism based on term rewriting that allows biomolecular systems to be described by taking into account their structure and by allowing very general events to be modelled. Statistical model-checking is an analysis technique that permits proper...