calf is placed in an individual pen, 5 by I o by 3 feet, where it remains until it is 4 to 6 months old, depending on the size of the calf. Moving the calf and its pen, preferably uphill, once each week, takes the calf away from its contamination before too many of the oöcysts sporulate. The calves are not completely freed of infection, but they swallow enough oöcysts to get slight, nonclinical...

Calf mortality is one of important problems of calf rearing in dairy farms worldwide. Besides, several noninfectious factors, such as management around birth, colostrum management, calf housing, feeding system, hygiene and pathogens, play an important role in calf rearing. The aim of the study was to show the most common causes of mortality of calves up to 90 d of their lives. Some data are ava...

BACKGROUND Knee models often do not contain thigh-calf contact which occurs in deep knee flexion. Thigh-calf contact is expected to reduce muscle forces and thereby affects internal stresses in the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to measure thigh-calf contact forces. Two deep knee flexion activities were selected: squatting and kneeling. METHODS Ten healthy subjects participated in ...

Two calves were referred because of ptyalism and difficulty opening the mouth (Calf 1) and for elective umbilical hernia surgery under inhalation anaesthesia (Calf 2). Additional clinical signs were increased breath sounds and swelling in the region of the mandibular angle in Calf 1. Ultrasonography and endoscopy revealed oral inflammation and abscessation in the area of the base of the tongue ...

Pregnancy rate, calf survival rate to weaning and calf age at weaning of several types of crossbred cows (2/3 or more Brahman) were compared to those of straightbred Brahman and Angus cows over a 1 2 9 period at Subtropical Agricultural Research Station near Brooksville, FL. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of additive vs nonadditive genetic effects on reproduc...

In this paper we report investigations of the innervation of duplicated limb segments to test whether the addition of limb segments along the proximodistal axons could stimulate the growth of appropriate motoneurons into double occurrences of these muscles. Our evidence indicates that it does not. Using retrograde horseradish peroxidase nerve-tracing techniques and reconstructions of experiment...

The two arginine-rich histones III and IV, isolated from pea buds and calf thymus glands, were separated by preparative disc electrophoresis and each was shown to be homogeneous by amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal analysis. Homologous arginine-rich components from calf thymus and pea bud were found to be extremely similar or identical in their aminoand carboxyl-terminal amino acids, amino a...

For decades it was believed that direct and indirect heating (the latter of which elevates blood and core temperatures without directly heating the area being evaluated) increases skin but not skeletal muscle blood flow. Recent results, however, suggest that passive heating of the leg may increase muscle blood flow. Using the technique of positron-emission tomography, the present study tested t...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the reactive hyperaemic response of the lower limb increases with improved exercise capacity after acute supplementation with L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS 19 patients with chronic heart failure were enrolled in the study. Rest calf blood flow and femoral occlusion induced calf blood flow changes were ...