BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the functional effects and acceptability of rocker-soled shoes that were designed to relatively "unload" the calf muscles during walking in people with calf claudication due to peripheral arterial disease. METHODS In this randomised AB/BA crossover trial, participants completed two assessment visits up to two weeks apart. At each visit, parti...

PURPOSE To test whether palisade endings are a general feature of mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs). METHODS Thirteen species, some frontal-eyed (human, monkey, cat, and ferret), and others lateral-eyed (pig, sheep, calf, horse, rabbit, rat, mouse, gerbil, and guinea pig) were analyzed. Palisade endings were labeled by using different combinations of immunofluorescence techniques. Three-di...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of kinesiotape on hop distance, pain, and motoneuronal excitability in healthy people and people with Achilles tendinopathy (AT). DESIGN Within-subject design. SETTING An academic health science center, which is an acute London National Health Service trust. PARTICIPANTS With ethical approval and informed consent, a convenience sample of 26 healthy peop...

The purpose of this study was to describe the firing pattern of 11 hip and knee muscles during running. Thirty recreational runners volunteered to run at 3 different paces with indwelling electromyographic electrodes while being filmed at 100 frames per second. Results demonstrated that medial and lateral vasti muscles acted together for knee extension during terminal swing and loading response...

GRAY, SARAH D., ERIK CARLSSON, AND NORMAN C. STAUB. Site of increased vascular resistance during isometric muscle contraction. Am. J. Physiol. 213(3): 683-689. 1967.-We studied the intramuscular vessels during maximal tetanic contraction to localize the site of increased flow resistance. We examined the microcirculation of rats whose calf muscles were rapidly frozen before, during, or after max...

QUESTION In adults who experience nocturnal leg cramps, does stretching of the calf and hamstring muscles each day just before sleep reduce the frequency and severity of the cramps? DESIGN A randomised trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. PARTICIPANTS Eighty adults aged over 55 years with nocturnal leg cramps who were not being treated with quinine. INTERVENTIO...

To test whether ryanodine blocks the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle, we examined its effects on the aftercontractions and transient depolarizations or transient inward currents developed by guinea pig papillary muscles and voltage-clamped calf cardiac Purkinje fibers in potassium-free solutions. Ryanodine (0.1-1.0 microM) abolished or prevented aftercontrac...

BACKGROUND Plantar heel pain syndrome (PHPS) is a common foot disorder; however, there is limited clinical evidence on which to base treatment. Repeated clinical observations indicating heel pain during heel rise and minisquat on the affected leg, involving activation of posterior calf muscles, formed the basis of this study. OBJECTIVE To compare deep massage therapy to posterior calf muscles...

PURPOSE The present study investigated whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation for 20 min twice a day with an electrode placed over the soleus muscle and nutritional supplementation with 19 g of protein rich lupin seeds can reduce the loss in volume and strength of the human calf musculature during long term unloading by wearing an orthotic unloading device. METHODS Thirteen healthy male...

The objectives of this study were to assess the time course of enlargement and gene expression of a collateral vessel that enlarges following occlusion of the femoral artery and to relate these responses to the increases in collateral-dependent blood flow to the calf muscles in vivo. We employed exercise training to stimulate collateral vessel development. Rats were exercise trained or kept sed...