Precision gas mixing pumps produce CO(2) gas mixtures for the calibration of infra-red CO(2) gas analyzers equivalent in accuracy to the standard CO(2) gas mixtures (+/- 1%) supplied by the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C.The calibration of infra-red gas analyzers by the pressure difference method and by concentration differences did not agree. A factor of 0.709 was necessary to ...

Quantitative analysis of administered drugs in biological tissues is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying their e cacy or toxicity. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) may allow the quanti cation of targeted drugs in tissue sections along with the visualization of their spatial distribution. In this study, surrogate tissue-based calibration standards were prepared to quantify a sma...

We report on a study designed to assess variability among three different fluorescence spectroscopy devices, four fiber optic probes, and three sets of optical calibration standards to better understand the reproducibility of measurements and interdevice comparisons of fluorescence spectroscopic data intended for clinical diagnostic use. Multiple measurements are acquired from all sets of stand...

The pre-launch characterization and calibration of remote sensing instruments should be planned and carried out in conjunction with their design and development to meet the mission requirements. The onboard calibrators such as blackbodies and the sensors such as spectral radiometers should be characterized and calibrated using SI traceable standards. In the case of earth remote sensing, this al...

Carrier-free 209Po solution standards have been prepared and calibrated. The standards, which will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology as Standard Reference Material SRM 4326, consist of (5.1597 ±0.0024) g of a solution of polonium in nominal 2 mol · L-1 hydrochloric acid (having a solution density of (1.031±0.004) g · mL-1 at 22 °C) that is contained in 5 mL f...

This bending magnet beamline has been in operation since February 1995 for the characterization of optical elements (mirrors, gratings, multilayers, detectors, etc.) in the energy range 50-1000 eV. Although it was designed primarily for precision reflectometry of multilayer reflecting optics for EUV projection lithography, it has capabilities for a wide range of measurements. The optics consist...

The errors in determining the biologically effective and broadband UV irradiances from spectroradiometer measurements depend critically on procedures employed in the calibration process. A series of intercomparisons of two calibration standards and a spectroradiometer were undertaken in two laboratories. The near UV (320-400 nm) and shorter wavelength (280-320 nm) waveband irradiances of one st...

− National Metrology Institutes employ the quadrature bridge in the traceability chain to derive the farad from the ohm (represented with the quantum Hall effect). The bridge calibrates the capacitance product of the two capacitors being measured; a separate measurement with a ratio bridge is usually required to estimate each capacitor independently. We describe here a method which, by measurin...

In the frame of the activities initiated by the Task Force for Antigen Quantitation of the European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis (EWGCCA), an experiment was conducted to evaluate microbead standards used for quantitative flow cytometry (QFCM). An unified window of analysis (UWA) was established on three different instruments (EPICS XL [Coulter Corporation, Miami, FL], FACScan and FAC...

A new formulation of the density of air-saturated water as a function of temperature on the 1990 International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) is presented. Also, a new equation for calculating isothermal compressibility as a function of temperature on ITS-90 was developed. The equations are to be used to calculate the density of water, in the temperature range 5 to 40 °C on ITS-90, used in the grav...