The Ryman-Laikre (R-L) effect is an increase in inbreeding and a reduction in total effective population size (NeT ) in a combined captive-wild system, which arises when a few captive parents produce large numbers of offspring. To facilitate evaluation of the R-L effect for scenarios that are relevant to marine stock enhancement and aquaculture, we extended the original R-L formula to explicitl...

This paper studies the e¤ect of captive consumers in a competitive model of nonlinear pricing. We focus on the bene…ts and drawbacks of allowing what we call market segmentation, namely, a situation where the price-quality menu o¤ered to captive consumers can di¤er from that o¤ered to consumers that are exposed to competition. We …nd that the e¤ect of market segmentation depends on the relation...

This paper empirically examines the current state of the IS offshoring phenomenon in Germany regarding project characteristics and success patterns. Relying on a sample of 304 projects conducted at various industry sectors and companies, results show that IS offshoring primarily occurs in sectors Telecommunications and IT at large corporations. Cost reduction is the main reason for going offsho...

BACKGROUND As farmers do not often keep a record of the expenditures for rearing, an economic tool that provides insight into the cost of rearing is useful. In the Netherlands, an economic tool (Jonkos) has been developed that can be used by farmers to obtain insight into the cost of rearing on their farm. The first objective of this study is to calculate the total cost of rearing young stock i...

Genetic variability among captive and wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) was assessed using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. A 529 bp segment of mtDNA was sequenced and 9 microsatellite loci were genotyped for 286 ring-tailed lemurs. Samples were obtained from the well-studied L. catta population at the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve and from captive animals at six institutions worldwide. ...

Housing captive primates in environments representative of their wild habitat in many cases can be challenging. Captive white-handed gibbons can be housed in a caged environment or on an island surrounded by a moat. It has been hypothesized that the quality of the captive environment can affect gibbon behavior, as expressed in (or by) their activity budgets. The researcher observed the activity...

The success with which animals living in their natural environment nourish themselves must depend upon the exercise of choices in which instinct and appetite play a significant part. When such individuals are transferred to conditions of domestication their freedom of choice, particularly in t’he case of captive or farm animals, is restricted. Their diet now becomes a problem for the husbandman...

Abstract Agricultural landscapes had been inhabited by a vast number of bird species in the past; however, especially last decades, agricultural intensification negatively affected habitat composition. Habitat heterogeneity decreased and many inhabiting farmland has severely declined. These still offer home for species, but with decreasing environmental variability, less suitable might be avail...

Elaborate secondary sexual traits, such as the ornamental plumage of birds, may be favored by female choice because they serve as honest indicators of male quality. Elaborate traits are thought to be honest signals because they are expensive to produce and increase predation risk. Here we investigate another potential cost of elaborate traits, i.e., the time and energy required to maintain them...

The authors present an analytical model of a irst-price sealed-bid cattle auction in which a spot and coordinated markets are interconnected. The model reveals that the conventional wisdom that market coordination negatively affects the bid price in the spot market is an oversimpli ication. The relationships between key market variables impact bids and bid shading in complex ways. While captive...