Energy is one of the most important inputs in production. Energy usage and energy diffusion of fossil fuels in process of production cause greenhouse gases (CO2) emission and destruction of environment. According to the importance of issues like energy usage and economic growth, this paper, concerning the effects of proximity, evaluates the effects of energy usage and economic growth on emissio...

a r t i c l e i n f o This study assesses the motivation, willingness, and technical as well as managerial capacities of U.S. cities to store carbon and sell carbon offsets. Based on a national survey of urban foresters, arborists, and other officials responsible for urban forest management within U.S. municipal governments, results indicate that local governments are interested in selling carb...

elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green house gases have increased the earth temperature in recent century, which it affects all biochemistry cycles in soils. to examine the effect of atmospheric co2 concentration and temperature on n forms in soil solution in a calcareous soil, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the laborator...

This chapter reviews a range of issues relating to tradable carbon dioxide (CO2) emission quotas (TEQs). It considers the economic principles on which they are based, compares them with alternative carbon abatement policies, and reviews many aspects of how tradable quotas would be implemented in practice. Section 2.2 sets the scene, explaining why these issues are on the agenda and how they rel...

Global climate change is hitherto the most serious environmental problem, and China’s CO2 emissions reductions have been one of the hottest problems discussed in the world. This paper quantifies the impacts of different abatement policies on economy based on a modified MACRO model. The empirical results show that CO2 direct emissions control with the most serious GDP loss is the most effective ...

Agricultural activities are an important source of greenhouse gases. However, comprehensive, long-term, and high-quality measurement data of these gases are lacking. This article presents a field study of CH(4) and CO(2) emission from two 1100-head mechanically ventilated pig (Sus scrofa) finishing barns (B1 and B2) with shallow manure flushing systems and propane space heaters from August 2002...

This chapter addresses a topical issue: the creation of a global market for carbon dioxide (CO2) emission permits.1 The recent adoption in the Kyoto Protocol of an ambitious target for global CO2 emission has focused attention on policy instruments for achieving this goal. In addition, increasing awareness of the economic burden of environmental protection has produced an interest in market-bas...

in one side the negative effects of increasing of concentration of carbon dioxide in the world, and in the other side, the positive effects of greenhouse enrichment by such gas is one of the most important reasons in researching of this gas on different plants. for assessment of the effects of carbon dioxide and light regimes in different genotypes of pansy (viola tricolor) a factorial experime...